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Maurice Ralph Hilleman (1919–2005)
By: Christian H. Ross
| Published: Apr 13, 2017
Maurice Ralph Hilleman developed vaccines at the Merck Institute of Therapeutic Research in West Point, Pennsylvania, during the twentieth century.…
MMR VaccineRubella--VaccinationRubellaCombined VaccinesViral vaccines
Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (1890- )
By: Rachel Gur-Arie
| Published: Jun 21, 2014
Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (CSHL) is a non-profit research institution that specializes in cancer, neuroscience, plant biology, quantitative…
OrganizationWatson, James D., 1928-EugenicsBacteriophagesBrenner, Sydney
James Daniel Hardy (1918–2003)
By: Aubrey Pinteric
| Published: Jun 13, 2025
James Daniel Hardy was a surgeon and researcher practicing in the United States during the twentieth century who studied organ transplantation, or…
Heart Transplantorgan transplantationGeneral SurgerybioethicsCardiovascular System
HeLa Cell Line
By: Rohini Nott
| Published: Sep 18, 2020
The HeLa cell line was the first immortal human cell line that George Otto Gey, Margaret Gey, and Mary Kucibek first isolated from Henrietta Lacks…
HeLa CellsContinuous cell linesResearch EthicsInformed consent (Medical law)Cervix uteri--Cancer
“The Treatment of Early Syphilis with Penicillin: A Preliminary Report of 1418 Cases” (1944), by Joseph Earle Moore, J. F. Mahoney, Walter Schwartz, Thomas Sternberg, and W. Barry Wood
By: Srivatsan Swaminathan
| Published: Aug 13, 2024
In 1944, Joseph Earl Moore and colleagues published “The Treatment of Early Syphilis with Penicillin: A Preliminary Report of 1418 Cases,” hereafter…
SyphilisTreponema pallidumPenicillinsAntibiotics, PenicillinPenicillin
Metoidioplasty
By: Riley McInnis
| Published: May 30, 2024
Metoidioplasty is a type of gender-affirming surgery that creates a small-sized neophallus, or new penis, from an enlarged clitoris. Gender-…
Gender DysphoriaGender-Affirming CareGender-Affirming SurgeryPhalloplastyClitoris
"Vietnam Veterans' Risks for Fathering Babies with Birth Defects" (1984), by J. David Erickson et al.
By: Cecilia Chou
| Published: Mar 28, 2017
In 1984, J. David Erickson and his research team published the results of a study titled 'Vietnam Veterans' Risks for Fathering Babies with Birth…
LiteratureAgent OrangeHerbicidesSpina BifidaVeterans Administration
“Causes of Male Infertility: A 9-year Prospective Monocentre Study on 1737 Patients with Reduced Total Sperm Counts” (2016), by Margus Punab, Oliv Poolamets, Piia Paju, Vladimir Vihljajev, Kristjan Pomm, Ruth Ladva, Paul Korrovits, and Maris Laan
By: Logan Hunt
| Published: Sep 20, 2024
In December of 2016, Margus Punab and colleagues published “Causes of Male Infertility: A 9-year Prospective Monocentre Study on 1737 Patients with…
Sperm CountSperm NumberSperm TailSpermSperm Motility
Gender-affirming Mastectomy
By: Riley McInnis
| Published: Nov 10, 2022
Gender-affirming mastectomy is a type of surgery that removes breast tissue, tightens the skin, and can adjust nipple placement to provide the…
TechnologyTransgender menTransgender youthTransgender ChildrenTransphobia
Margaret Higgins Sanger (1879-1966)
By: Claudia Nunez-Eddy, Malladi Lakshmeeramya
| Published: Oct 13, 2016
Margaret Higgins Sanger advocated for birth control in the United States and Europe during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.…
Planned Parenthood Federation of AmericaBirth ControlContraceptionReproductive RightsArizona