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Wolbachia
By: Karine Prevot
| Published: Jan 29, 2015
Bacteria of the genus Wolbachia are bacteria that live within the cells of their hosts. They infect a wide range of arthropods (insects, arachnids…
WolbachiaBacteriaHost-bacteria relationshipsHost-parasite relationshipsArthropods
Francois Jacob (1920-2013)
By: Valerie Racine
| Published: Sep 29, 2014
Francois Jacob studied in bacteria and bacteriophages at the Institut Pasteur in Paris, France, in the second half of the twentieth century. In…
BacteriaOperonsLac OperonGenetic regulationEscherichia coli--Genetics
Lysogenic Bacteria as an Experimental Model at the Pasteur Institute (1915-1965)
By: Valerie Racine
| Published: Oct 10, 2014
Lysogenic bacteria, or virus-infected bacteria, were the primary experimental models used by scientists working in the laboratories of the Pasteur…
ContextInstitut Pasteur (Paris, France)BacteriaEscherichia coliMonod, Jacques
The Pasteur Institute (1887- )
By: Valerie Racine
| Published: Aug 19, 2014
L'Institut Pasteur (The Pasteur Institute) is a non-profit private research institution founded by Louis Pasteur on 4 June 1887 in Paris, France. The…
OrganizationBacteriaGenetic regulationOperonsMolecular genetics
Albert Ludwig Sigesmund Neisser (1855–1916)
By: Eboni E. Andersun
| Published: Jun 03, 2025
Albert Ludwig Sigesmund Neisser was a physician and scientist working in Poland who, in 1879, identified the bacterium that causes gonorrhea. Before…
SyphilisGonorrheaLeprosySexually Transmitted DiseasesBacteria
“How Colonization by Microbiota in Early Life Shapes the Immune System” (2016), by Thomas Gensollen, Shankar S. Iyer, Dennis L. Kasper, Richard S. Blumberg
By: Maggie Zhou
| Published: Aug 21, 2024
In 2016, researcher Thomas Gensollen and colleagues published “How Colonization by Microbiota in Early Life Shapes the Immune System,” hereafter, “…
MicrobiotaImmune SystemImmune ResponseImmune System DisordersMicrobiomes
Oswald Theodore Avery (1877-1955)
By: Samantha Hauserman
| Published: Dec 12, 2013
Oswald Theodore Avery studied strains of pneumococcus of the genus Streptococcus in the US in the first half of the twentieth century. This bacterium…
Bacterial TransformationDNAHeredityPathologyImmunology
“Delivery Mode Shapes the Acquisition and Structure of the Initial Microbiota across Multiple Body Habitats in Newborns” (2010), by Maria G. Dominguez-Bello, Elizabeth K. Costello, Monica Contreras, Magda Magris, Glida Hidalgo, Noah Fierer, and Rob Knight
By: Kelly Roberts
| Published: Jun 04, 2025
In 2010, Maria Dominguez-Bello, Elizabeth Costello, Monica Contreras, and colleagues published “Delivery Mode Shapes the Acquisition and Structure of…
Cesarean SectionObstetric DeliveryMicrobiotaMicrobiomeBacteria
The Genetic Control and Cytoplasmic Expression of 'Inducibility' in the synthesis of B-galactosidase" (1959), by Arthur B. Pardee, Francois Jacob, and Jacques Monod
By: Abhinav Mishra
| Published: May 28, 2015
Between 1957 and 1959, Arthur Pardee, Francois Jacob, and Jacques Monod conducted a set of experiments at the Pasteur Institute in Paris, France,…
Genetic transformationGenetic recombinationEnzyme KineticsMessenger RNANobel Prize winners
CRISPR Acquired Resistance Against Viruses (2007)
By: Meilin Zhu
| Published: Nov 15, 2017
In 2007, Philippe Horvath and his colleagues explained how bacteria protect themselves against viruses at Danisco, a Danish food company, in Dangé-…
gene editingStreptococcus thermophilusvirusesBacteriaRNA