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Trisomy 21 (Down Syndrome)
By: Grace Fitzgerald
| Published: Aug 01, 2022
As of 2022, Trisomy 21 is the most common type of trisomy, or a condition where the person has three instead of the normal two copies of one of the…
Genetic DisordersGenetic disorders in childrenGenetic disorders in pregnancyGenetic disorders--DiagnosisDown syndrome
"Male Development of Chromosomally Female Mice Transgenic for Sry gene" (1991), by Peter Koopman, et al.
By: Troy Cox
| Published: Jan 28, 2014
Early 1990s research conducted by Peter Koopman, John Gubbay, Nigel Vivian, Peter Goodfellow, and Robin Lovell-Badge, showed that chromosomally…
Y ChromosomeTestisEmbryosChromosomesSex Chromosomes
The Debate over DNA Replication Before the Meselson-Stahl Experiment (1953–1957)
By: Victoria Hernandez
| Published: Jan 03, 2018
Between 1953 and 1957, before the Meselson-Stahl experiment verified semi-conservative replication of DNA, scientists debated how DNA replicated. In…
ChromosomesCalifornia Institute of TechnologyCold Spring Harbor LaboratoryDNA Replication
Barbara McClintock's Transposon Experiments in Maize (1931–1951)
By: Federica Turriziani Colonna
| Published: Feb 09, 2017
Barbara McClintock conducted experiments on corn (Zea mays) in the United States in the mid-twentieth century to study the structure and function of…
TransposonsCornCytogeneticsChromosomesGenetics
Sex-determining Region Y in Mammals
By: Troy Cox
| Published: Dec 31, 2013
The Sex-determining Region Y (Sry in mammals but SRY in humans) is a gene found on Y chromosomes that leads to the development of male phenotypes,…
Y ChromosomeTestisEmbryosChromosomesSex Chromosomes
Sex Determination in Humans
By: Risa Aria Schnebly
| Published: Jul 16, 2021
In humans, sex determination is the process that determines the biological sex of an offspring and, as a result, the sexual characteristics that they…
Sex DeterminationGenetic sex determinationIntersex peopleDiscrimination against intersex peopleStevens, N. M. (Nettie Maria), 1861-1912
Shoukhrat Mitalipov and Masahito Tachibana’s Mitochondrial Gene Replacement in Primate Offspring and Embryonic Stem Cells (2009)
By: Giselle Lee
| Published: Jan 10, 2018
Shoukhrat Mitalipov, Masahito Tachibana, and their team of researchers replaced the mitochondrial genes of primate embryonic stem cells via spindle…
monkeysrhesus macaqueSendai virusEmbryonic Stem CellsMitochondrial Diseases
Angelman Syndrome
By: Jonathan North
| Published: Aug 12, 2014
Angelman syndrome is a disorder in humans that causes neurological symptoms such as lack of speech, jerky movements, and insomnia. A human cell has…
Angelman syndromeGenomic imprintingHuman chromosome 15--AbnormalitiesHuman chromosome 15Happy Puppet Syndrome
Serial Cultivation of Human Diploid Cells in the Lab (1958–1961) by Leonard Hayflick and Paul S. Moorhead
By: Christian H. Ross
| Published: Apr 27, 2017
From 1958 to 1961, Leonard Hayflick and Paul Moorhead in the US developed a way in the laboratory to cultivate strains of human cells with complete…
MMR VaccineRubellaRubella--VaccinationFetal tissuesOncogenic Viruses
"Genetic Evidence Equating SRY and the Testis-Determining Factor" (1990), by Phillippe Berta et al.
By: Troy Cox
| Published: Jan 10, 2014
In the late 1980s, Peter Goodfellow in London, UK led a team of researchers who showed that the SRY gene in humans codes a protein that causes testes…
TestisY ChromosomeEmbryosChromosomesSex Chromosomes