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An important question throughout the history of embryology is whether the formation of a biological structure is predetermined or shaped by its…
Hamburger, Viktor, 1900-2001ExperimentsNervous SystemCell DeathGerman embryologist Viktor Hamburger came to the US in 1932 with a fellowship provided by the Rockefeller Foundation. Hamburger started his research…
LiteraturePublicationsExperimentsNervous SystemChicksIn the early 1960s, John W. Saunders Jr., Mary T. Gasseling, and Lilyan C. Saunders in the US investigated how cells die in the developing limbs of…
Cell DeathChickens--EmbryosApoptosisExperimentsRichard A. Lockshin's 1963 PhD dissertation on cell death in insect metamorphosis was conducted under the supervision of Harvard insect physiologist…
LiteratureExperimentsPublicationsSilkwormsHormonesThe review article “Cell Deaths in Normal Vertebrate Ontogeny” (abbreviated as “Cell Deaths”) was published in Biological Reviews of the Cambridge…
LiteratureCell DeathPublicationsVertebratesOntogenyThe biomedical accomplishment of human in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) took years to become the successful technique that…
ReproductionExperimentsFertilization"Apoptosis: A Basic Biological Phenomenon with Wide-Ranging Implications in Tissue Kinetics" (hereafter abbreviated as "Apoptosis") was published in…
LiteratureApoptosisPublicationsCancerCell DeathOnce perceived as an unimportant occurrence in living organisms, cell degeneration was reconfigured as an important biological phenomenon in…
Cell DeathCells--AgingCaenorhabditis elegansAging, CellCellular AgingAdvanced Cell Technology, Inc. (ACT) is a biotechnology company that uses stem cell technology to develop novel therapies in the field of…
OrganizationStem CellsOrganizationsReproductionRegenerationOn 10 March 1988, China's first baby conceived through human in vitro fertilization (IVF) and embryo transfer (ET), commonly referred to as a test-…
ReproductionExperimentsFertility