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Julius von Sachs (1832-1897)
By: Steve Elliott
| Published: Jun 07, 2010
Julius von Sachs helped establish plant physiology through his experiments in latter nineteenth-century Germany. Sachs infused the inchoate…
Plant Physiological PhenomenaBiographyPlant physiology
Bernadine Healy (1944–2011)
By: Alexis Darby
| Published: Nov 08, 2017
During the twentieth century in the United States, Bernadine Patricia Healy was a cardiologist who served as the first female director of the…
National Institutes of Health (U.S.)Harvard Medical SchoolMyocardial Infarction
United States v. University Hospital (1984)
By: Jack Resnik
| Published: May 11, 2011
The US 2nd Circuit Court of Appeals' 1984 decision United States v. University Hospital, State University Hospital of New York at Stony Brook set a…
LawCongenital, Hereditary, and Neonatal Diseases and AbnormalitiesReproductionCongenital Disorders
Pope Pius XI (1857-1939)
By: Katherine Brind'Amour
| Published: Nov 11, 2007
Pope Pius XI, born Ambrogio Damiano Achille Ratti, was born to the wealthy owner of a silk factory on 31 May 1857 in Desio, Italy. He was ordained to…
PeoplereligionReproductionCatholicismPopes
Planned Parenthood Committee of Phoenix (1942-1978)
By: Claudia Nunez-Eddy
| Published: Nov 08, 2016
The Planned Parenthood Committee of Phoenix was established in 1942 to expand Arizona women's access to family planning resources. The Planned…
OrganizationContraceptionDiaphragms, VaginalBirth control clinicsGynecology
The Passing of the Great Race; or The Racial Basis of European History (1916), by Madison Grant
By: Aliya R. Hoff
| Published: Jul 12, 2021
In 1916, eugenicist Madison Grant published the book The Passing of the Great Race; or The Racial Basis of European History, hereafter The Passing of…
LiteratureEugenicsNuremberg War Crime Trials, Nuremberg, Germany, 1946-1949Involuntary sterilization--Law and legislationInterracial marriage--United States
Humanae Vitae (1968), by Pope Paul VI
By: Katherine Brind'Amour, Benjamin Garcia
| Published: Nov 13, 2007
The "Humanae Vitae," meaning "Of Human Life" and subtitled "On the Regulation of Birth," was an encyclical promulgated in Rome, Italy, on 25 July…
LiteratureReproductive RightsreligionReproductionCatholicism
“Does Air Pollution Play a Role in Infertility?: a Systematic Review” (2017), by Julie Carré, Nicolas Gatimel, Jessika Moreau, Jean Parinaud and Roger Léandri
By: Ajeet Bains
| Published: Aug 02, 2021
In 2017, Julie Carré, Nicolas Gatimel, Jessika Moreau, Jean Parinaud, and Roger Léandri published “Does Air Pollution Play a Role in Infertility?: a…
LiteratureFertility, HumanReproductionFertilization (Biology)Fertilization in Vitro
Paul Kammerer's Experiments on Sea-squirts in the Early Twentieth Century
By: Federica Turriziani Colonna
| Published: Apr 13, 2015
In the early twentieth century, Paul Kammerer, a zoologist working at the Vivarium in Vienna, Austria, experimented on sea-squirts (Ciona…
Sea SquirtsCiona intestinalisKammerer, Paul, 1880-1926Laboratory animals--Breeding--ExperimentsAdaptation
The Genetic Control and Cytoplasmic Expression of 'Inducibility' in the synthesis of B-galactosidase" (1959), by Arthur B. Pardee, Francois Jacob, and Jacques Monod
By: Abhinav Mishra
| Published: May 28, 2015
Between 1957 and 1959, Arthur Pardee, Francois Jacob, and Jacques Monod conducted a set of experiments at the Pasteur Institute in Paris, France,…
Genetic transformationGenetic recombinationEnzyme KineticsMessenger RNANobel Prize winners