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Philippe Ricord was a nineteenth-century physician and surgeon in France who studied syphilis and demonstrated that it is different from gonorrhea.…
SyphilisGonorrheaSexually Transmitted DiseasesChancreReproductive HealthRenate Blumenfeld-Kosinski published Not of Woman Born in 1990. The book is a historical account of the cesarean birth procedure, hereafter c-section…
Cesarean SectionAbdominal DeliveryC-Section (OB)Caesarean SectionDelivery, AbdominalOn 7 June 1965, in Griswold v. Connecticut, the United States Supreme Court decided, in a seven to two decision, that married couples have the right…
Supreme Court DecisionsJurisprudenceContraceptivesContraceptives, Oral Access to ContraceptionDysmenorrhea refers to painful menstrual bleeding and often includes symptoms such as cramps in the lower abdominal region, pain radiating down to…
BelladonnaDysmenorrheaWomen's health servicesReproductive HealthMenstruation, PainfulIn June 2017, the Iowa Supreme Court decided the case Plowman v. Fort Madison Community Hospital, or Plowman v. FMCH, and ruled that women who gave…
LawWrongful lifeWrongful BirthAbnormalities, HumanIowaIn 2012, a team of scientists across the US conducted an experiment to find the mechanism that allowed a group of flatworms, planarians, to…
Regeneration (Biology)GeneticsPlanariansGenesWound HealingLeonard Hayflick in the US during the early 1960s showed that normal populations of embryonic cells divide a finite number of times. He published his…
Cell DivisionBiology, ExperimentalCells, CulturedEmbryo Culture Techniquescell agingEstablished in 1950, the Planned Parenthood Center of Tucson provided Arizona women with family planning resources until 1977, when it expanded to…
OrganizationSanger, Margaret, 1879-1966ContraceptionPlanned Parenthood Federation of AmericaInfertilityIn 2003, Carmina Gisbert and her research team produced a tobacco plant that could remove lead from soil. To do so, they inserted a gene from wheat…
PhytoremediationtobaccoLeadSoil PollutioncadmiumDuring the mid-nineteenth century, Johann Gregor Mendel experimented with pea plants to develop a theory of inheritance. In 1843, while a monk in the…
GeneticsPeasLegumesPhenotypePlant breeding