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Abortion is the removal of the embryo or fetus from the womb, before birth can occur-either naturally or by induced labor. Prenatal development…
AbortionethicsReproductionReproductive RightsFetusMetoidioplasty is a type of gender-affirming surgery that creates a small-sized neophallus, or new penis, from an enlarged clitoris. Gender-…
Gender DysphoriaGender-Affirming CareGender-Affirming SurgeryPhalloplastyClitorisIn 1970, Shulamith Firestone, a self-described radical feminist and writer, published The Dialectic of Sex: The Case for Feminist Revolution,…
FertilityEctogenesisReproductive technologyFeminism and scienceFeminism in the pressA vasectomy is a surgery that works to inhibit reproduction by interrupting the passage of sperm through the vas deferens, a tube in the male…
VasectomyVasovasostomyVasectomy ReversalEugenicsSterilization, ReproductiveBetween 1953 and 1957, before the Meselson-Stahl experiment verified semi-conservative replication of DNA, scientists debated how DNA replicated. In…
ChromosomesCalifornia Institute of TechnologyCold Spring Harbor LaboratoryDNA ReplicationSpina bifida is a birth defect that affects the spines of developing fetuses and infants, and research in the 20th century indicated that chemicals…
Agent OrangeHerbicidesSpina BifidaNeural tube--AbnormalitiesSpinal cord--AbnormalitiesCharles Richard Drew was an African American surgeon who helped improve blood transfusion practices during World War II and contributed to the…
Blood TransfusionMaternal MortalityBlack or African AmericanBlood banksAfrican Americans in medicineIn 2014, Flor M. Munoz and colleagues published “Safety and Immunogenicity of Tetanus Diphtheria and Acellular Pertussis (Tdap) Immunization During…
LiteratureTetanus in newborn infantsTetanus--VaccinationDiphtheriaWhooping CoughNo-scalpel vasectomy, or NSV or keyhole vasectomy, is a surgical method of sterilization that involves puncturing the skin of the scrotum to access…
TechnologySterilizationVasectomyMale SterilizationFamily PlanningIn 1913, journalist Samuel Hopkins Adams published “What Can We Do About Cancer? The Most Vital and Insistent Question in the Medical World,”…
LiteratureCervix uteri--CancerBreast--Cancer--Patients--CareBreast--Cancer--Patients--Counseling ofBreast--Cancer--Surgery