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In 1959, Charles Edmund Ford and colleagues published “A Sex Chromosome Anomaly in a Case of Gonadal Dysgenesis (Turner’s Syndrome),” hereafter “A…
Turner SyndromeGonadal DysgenesisGonadal Dysgenesis, XOGonadal Dysgenesis, 45, XAbnormalities, Sex ChromosomeOn 20 August 2007, in Frazer v. Schlegel, the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit decided that researchers Ian Frazer and Jian…
LawFrazer, I. H. (Ian H.)Zhou, JianGlaxoSmithKlineZur Hausen, HaraldMenopause is defined as the point in time exactly twelve months after a female has had her last menstrual period, or shedding of the lining of the…
MenopausePremenopausepostmenopauseEstrogen Replacement TherapyHormone Replacement Therapy, Post-MenopausalMaurice Ralph Hilleman developed vaccines at the Merck Institute of Therapeutic Research in West Point, Pennsylvania, during the twentieth century.…
MMR VaccineRubella--VaccinationRubellaCombined VaccinesViral vaccinesThe Public Broadcasting Station (PBS) documentary Life's Greatest Miracle (abbreviated Miracle, available at http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/miracle/…
LiteratureHuman DevelopmentReproductionMoviesIn 1944, Joseph Earl Moore and colleagues published “The Treatment of Early Syphilis with Penicillin: A Preliminary Report of 1418 Cases,” hereafter…
SyphilisTreponema pallidumPenicillinsAntibiotics, PenicillinPenicillinArnold Henry Kegel worked and carried out research in the medical field of gynecology in the US during the twentieth century. Through his work, Kegel…
Pelvic FloorPelvic Floor DisordersPelvic Organ ProlapseUterine ProlapseUrinary IncontinenceOn 29 June 1988, in Bowen v. Kendrick, the US Supreme Court ruled in a five-to-four decision that the 1981 Adolescent Family Life Act, or AFLA, was…
LawFreedom of religionChurch and stateCourts of last resortSex EducationFrank R. Lillie was born in Toronto, Canada, on 27 June 1870. His mother was Emily Ann Rattray and his father was George Waddell Little, an…
PeopleLillie, Frank Rattray, 1870-1947BiographyLaboratoriesCell LineageIn 2018, He Jiankui uploaded a series of videos to a YouTube channel titled “The He Lab” that detailed one of the first instances of a successful…
Literaturegene editingGenome EditingCRISPR (Genetics)CRISPR-associated protein 9