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Bailey v. Blue Cross Blue Shield of Virginia (1994)
By: Ajeet Bains
| Published: Apr 18, 2021
In 1994, the Eastern Virginia District court case Bailey v. Blue Cross Blue Shield of Virginia established that insurance companies could not deny…
LawHealth InsuranceHealth insurance policiesHealth insurance claimsEmployer-sponsored health insurance
"Sheep Cloned by Nuclear Transfer from a Cultured Cell Line" (1996), by Keith Campbell, Jim McWhir, William Ritchie, and Ian Wilmut
By: Zane Bartlett
| Published: Sep 19, 2014
In 1995 and 1996, researchers at the Roslin Institute in Edinburgh, Scotland, cloned mammals for the first time. Keith Campbell, Jim McWhir, William…
CloningClone CellsCloning, MolecularCloning, OrganismExperiments
Stanley Paul Leibo (1937–2014)
By: Risa Aria Schnebly
| Published: Feb 05, 2021
Stanley Paul Leibo studied the cryopreservation of embryos in the US in the twentieth century. Cryopreservation is a method of preserving biological…
Low temperature engineeringCryonicsScience and civilizationEmbryo transplantationCryotherapy
Intraspecies Chimeras Produced in Laboratory Settings (1960-1975)
By: Sarah Taddeo
| Published: Nov 25, 2014
When cells-but not DNA-from two or more genetically distinct individuals combine to form a new individual, the result is called a chimera. Though…
ContextChimerismEmbryosEmbryonic Stem CellsMosaicism
Interspecies SCNT-derived Humanesque Blastocysts
By: Sarah Taddeo, Jason S. Robert, Nicole Diehnelt
| Published: Jun 23, 2017
Since the 1950s, scientists have developed interspecies blastocysts in laboratory settings, but not until the 1990s did proposals emerge to engineer…
BlastocystDiseasesbioethicsTadpoleCell nuclei--Transplantation
Telomerase in Human Development
By: Zane Bartlett
| Published: Mar 23, 2015
Telomerase is an enzyme that regulates the lengths of telomeres in the cells of many organisms, and in humans it begins to function int the early…
TelomeraseTelomereDNAMolecular BiologySomatic embryogenesis
Ethics and Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
By: Katherine Brind'Amour
| Published: Jun 10, 2009
The recent development of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and related technologies has caught the attention of scientists, activists,…
ethicsStem Cells
Diana W. Bianchi
By: Alexis Abboud
| Published: Jun 23, 2017
Diana W. Bianchi studied the medical treatment of premature and newborn infants in the US during the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. Bianchi…
Prenatal DiagnosisGenetics
Pfeffer Cell Apparatus
By: Sara Parker
| Published: Oct 24, 2017
The Pfeffer Zelle (Pfeffer Cell Apparatus), invented by Wilhelm Pfeffer in 1877, measured the minimum pressure needed to prevent a pure solvent from…
TechnologyPlant cell membranesPlants--DevelopmentOsmosisMembranes (Technology)
Elizabeth Dexter Hay (1927–2007)
By: Kevin Gleason
| Published: Jul 26, 2017
Elizabeth Dexter Hay studied the cellular processes that affect development of embryos in the US during the mid-twentieth and early twenty-first…
Electron microscopesExtracellular matrixCorneaCollagenRadioactive substances