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Eric Wieschaus (1947- )
By: May Catherine, Justin M. Wolter
| Published: Apr 29, 2014
Eric Wieschaus studied how genes cause fruit fly larvae to develop in the US and Europe during the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. Using the…
Drosophila melanogasterGeneticsGenetic Screening
Spemann-Mangold Organizer
By: Samuel Philbrick, Erica O'Neil
| Published: Jan 12, 2012
The Spemann-Mangold organizer, also known as the Spemann organizer, is a cluster of cells in the developing embryo of an amphibian that induces…
EmbryosAmphibiansSpemann, Hans, 1869-1941EmbryologyGastrulation
Johannes Holtfreter (1901-1992)
By: Adam R. Navis
| Published: Feb 29, 2008
Johannes Holtfreter made important discoveries about the properties of the organizer discovered by Hans Spemann. Although he spent much time away…
Organizers, EmbryonicBiographyFrogs
Neural Crest
By: M. Elizabeth Barnes
| Published: Sep 15, 2014
Early in the process of development, vertebrate embryos develop a fold on the neural plate where the neural and epidermal ectoderms meet, called the…
VertebratesdevelopmentGerm LayersNeural CrestNeural Crest Cells
Hensen's Node
By: Maria Doty, Corinne DeRuiter
| Published: Jun 21, 2011
A node, or primitive knot, is an enlarged group of cells located in the anterior portion of the primitive streak in a developing gastrula. The node…
GastrulationChicks
Embryonic Differentiation in Animals
By: Sarah Ly
| Published: Mar 03, 2011
Embryonic differentiation is the process of development during which embryonic cells specialize and diverse tissue structures arise. Animals are made…
differentiation
"Experiments on Embryonic Induction III. A Note on Inductions by Chick Primitive Streak Transplanted to the Rabbit Embryo" (1934), by Conrad Hal Waddington
By: Adam R. Navis
| Published: Oct 30, 2007
Conrad Hal Waddington's "Experiments on Embryonic Induction III," published in 1934 in the Journal of Experimental Biology, describes the discovery…
Waddington, C. H. (Conrad Hal), 1905-1975EmbryosCell differentiationEmbryologyChickens--Embryos
Morphogenesis
By: Mary E. Sunderland
| Published: May 09, 2008
The term morphogenesis generally refers to the processes by which order is created in the developing organism. This order is achieved as…
Morphogenesisdifferentiation
Mesenchyme
By: Kate MacCord
| Published: Sep 14, 2012
Mesenchyme is a type of animal tissue comprised of loose cells embedded in a mesh of proteins and fluid, called the extracellular matrix. The loose,…
MesenchymeGastrulationStem CellsMesenchymal Stem CellsEmbryology
Effects of Prenatal Alcohol Exposure on Ocular Development
By: Erica O'Neil
| Published: May 04, 2011
Maternal consumption of alcohol (ethanol) can result in a range of alcohol-induced developmental defects. In humans, those collective birth defects…
fetal alcohol syndromeReproductionHuman Development