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In 1976, midwife Ina May Gaskin published Spiritual Midwifery, with other editions published in 1980, 1990, and 2003. Spiritual Midwifery is a book…
LiteratureMidwifery in literatureMidwiferyMidwivesMidwifeIn 2018, researchers Elie Nkwabong, Romuald Meboulou Nguel, Nelly Kamgaing, and Anne Sylvie Keddi Jippe published, “Knowledge, Attitudes, and…
LiteratureHIV-positive womenHIV-positive childrenHIV (Viruses)HIV infectionsHamlin Fistula Ethiopia is a nonprofit organization that began in 1974 as a joint endeavor by Reginald and Catherine Hamlin and the Addis Ababa…
OrganizationHamlin, CatherineAddis Ababa Fistula HospitalVesicovaginal FistulaFistulaThe Doula Project, cofounded in 2007 as The Abortion Doula Project by Mary Mahoney, Lauren Mitchell, and Miriam Zoila Perez, is a nonprofit…
OrganizationAbortionPro-choice movementNatural childbirthWomen's health servicesWilliam Smellie helped to incorporate scientific medicine into the process of childbirth in eighteenth century Britain. As a male physician…
MidwivesObstetrical ForcepsChildbirthObstetricsLabor (Obstetrics)Elinor Catherine Hamlin founded and helped fund centers in Ethiopia to treat women affected by fistulas from obstetric complications. Obstetric…
EthiopiaAustraliaFistulaFistula, Vesico-vaginalVoluntary Health AgenciesIn 1987, the World Health Organization, or WHO, took action to improve the quality of maternal health around the world through the declaration of the…
PregnancyGestationPoorLow-income parentsMothers--MortalityA vaginal speculum is a medical device that allows physicians and health providers to better view a woman’s cervix and vagina during pelvic exams…
VaginaHysteriaGynecologySecond-wave feminismReproductionHoratio Robinson Storer was a surgeon and anti-abortion activist in the 1800s who worked in the field of women’s reproductive health and led the…
PeopleAbortionAbortion servicesPro-life movementPro-life movement--United StatesPope Pius XII was born Eugenio Maria Giuseppi Giovanni Pacelli on 2 March 1876 in Rome, Italy, to Virginia and Filippo Pacelli. Known for his oft-…
PeoplereligionReproductionCatholicismPopes