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Robert Geoffrey Edwards (1925-2013)
By: Samuel Philbrick
| Published: Jun 20, 2011
Robert Geoffrey Edwards worked with Patrick Christopher Steptoe to develop in-vitro fertilization (IVF) techniques during the 1960s and 1970s in the…
PeopleFertilization in VitroReproductionBiographyFertilization
The Malthusian League (1877–1927)
By: Claudia Nunez-Eddy
| Published: Apr 27, 2017
The Malthusian League, founded in London, England, in 1877 promoted the use of contraception to limit family size. Activists Charles Bradlaugh and…
OrganizationEugenicsContraceptionBirth ControlReproductive Rights
Mary Coffin Ware Dennett (1872-1947)
By: Malladi Lakshmeeramya
| Published: Jun 22, 2016
Mary Coffin Ware Dennett advocated for social reform in the United States in the early twentieth century, particularly regarding sex education and…
Obscenity (Law)Obscenity (Law)--United StatesSex EducationReproductive HealthReproductive health--Law and legislation
Gregory Goodwin Pincus (1903-1967)
By: Aliya Buttar
| Published: Nov 24, 2008
Gregory Goodwin Pincus, one of the original researchers responsible for the development of the first oral contraceptive pill, was born in Woodbine,…
PeopleReproductionBiographyContraception
China's First Baby Conceived through In Vitro Fertilization-Embryonic Transfer, by Zhang Lizhu's Research Team
By: Lijing Jiang
| Published: Apr 27, 2011
On 10 March 1988, China's first baby conceived through human in vitro fertilization (IVF) and embryo transfer (ET), commonly referred to as a test-…
ReproductionExperimentsFertility
"The Role of Urethra in Female Orgasm" (1950), by Ernst Gräfenberg
By: Baylee A. Edwards
| Published: Sep 14, 2022
In 1950, physician and researcher Ernst Gräfenberg published “The Role of Urethra in Female Orgasm,” in the International Journal of Sexology. The…
LiteratureFemale orgasmG spotFrigidity (Psychology)Urethra
Vincenz Czerny (1842–1916)
By: Margaret Zheng
| Published: Oct 06, 2020
Vincenz Czerny was a surgeon in the nineteenth century who specialized in cancer and women’s surgical care. Czerny performed one of the first breast…
PeopleHysterectomyVaginal hysterectomyEsophagectomySuturing
William Smellie (1697–1763)
By: Yvette Tran
| Published: May 30, 2017
William Smellie helped to incorporate scientific medicine into the process of childbirth in eighteenth century Britain. As a male physician…
MidwivesObstetrical ForcepsChildbirthObstetricsLabor (Obstetrics)
Planned Parenthood Committee of Phoenix (1942-1978)
By: Claudia Nunez-Eddy
| Published: Nov 08, 2016
The Planned Parenthood Committee of Phoenix was established in 1942 to expand Arizona women's access to family planning resources. The Planned…
OrganizationContraceptionDiaphragms, VaginalBirth control clinicsGynecology
Ziegler Wax Embryo Models
By: Karen Wellner
| Published: Jun 15, 2010
Three-dimensional anatomical models have long been essential to the learning of science and lend a sense of "control" to those practicing in the…
TechnologyReproductionModelsAnatomy