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In the fifteen years between the discovery of fetal alcohol syndrome, or FAS, in 1973 and the passage of alcohol beverage warning labels in 1988, FAS…
fetal alcohol syndromeAlcoholism in pregnancyChildren of prenatal alcohol abusepublic healthFederal GovernmentVirginia Apgar worked as an obstetrical anesthesiologist, administering drugs that reduce women’s pain during childbirth, in the US in the mid-…
Apgar, Virginia, 1909-1974Apgar ScorePregnancyObstetricsChildbirthMarie Stopes International (MSI) is a not-for-profit organization based in the United Kingdom that promotes reproductive and sexual health. It grew…
Organizationpublic healthOrganizationsReproductionReproductive RightsIn December 2011, the Stillbirth Collaborative Research Network, or SCRN, published the article “Causes of Death Among Stillbirths” in The Journal of…
LiteratureFetal deathPregnancy--ComplicationsHealth and raceStillbirthIn 2010, Sophia and Paul Grinvalds founded the organization AFRIpads in Kampala, Uganda, to provide reusable cloth pads to menstruating women and…
OrganizationMenstrual CycleFeminine Hygiene ProductsMenstrual Hygiene ProductsSanitary napkinsMarie Charlotte Carmichael Stopes was born in Edinburgh, Scotland, on 15 October 1880 to Charlotte Carmichael Stopes, a suffragist, and Henry Stopes…
Peoplepublic healthethicsReproductionBiographyIn “Beyond Menstrual Hygiene: Addressing Vaginal Bleeding Throughout the Life Course in LMICs,” hereafter “Beyond Menstrual Hygiene,” Marni Sommer,…
LiteratureMenstruation disordersFeminine Hygiene ProductsMenstrual cycle--Psychological aspectsStigmatization