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On 1 February 1998, David T. Helm, Sara Miranda, and Naomi Angoff Chedd published “Prenatal Diagnosis of Down Syndrome: Mothers’ Reflections on…
Down syndromeCongenital AbnormalitiesGenetic disorders in pregnancygenetic testingAmniocentesisA vasectomy is a surgery that works to inhibit reproduction by interrupting the passage of sperm through the vas deferens, a tube in the male…
VasectomyVasovasostomyVasectomy ReversalEugenicsSterilization, ReproductiveHideyo Noguchi researched bacteria, including Treponema pallidum, the bacterium that causes syphilis, in Japan and the US during the early 1900s.…
SyphilisNeurosyphilisCentral Nervous System SyphilisTreponema pallidumYellow FeverMetoidioplasty is a type of gender-affirming surgery that creates a small-sized neophallus, or new penis, from an enlarged clitoris. Gender-…
Gender DysphoriaGender-Affirming CareGender-Affirming SurgeryPhalloplastyClitorisIn 2012, Stephen Sidney, T. Craig Cheetham, Frederick A. Connell, and colleagues published “Recent Combined Hormonal Contraceptives (CHCs) and the…
Hormonal ContraceptionContraceptionFemale ContraceptionContraceptive Devices, FemaleHeart Disease Risk FactorsArnold Henry Kegel worked and carried out research in the medical field of gynecology in the US during the twentieth century. Through his work, Kegel…
Pelvic FloorPelvic Floor DisordersPelvic Organ ProlapseUterine ProlapseUrinary IncontinenceGerm-free, or GF, animals are laboratory animals that completely lack microbes, making them useful tools for microbiome research. Researchers create…
Germ-Free LifeMicrobiome, HumanGut MicrobiomeBrain-Gut AxisGermfree animalsGertrude Belle Elion was a twentieth-century scientist in the US who researched the structure of viral DNA to help develop anti-viral medications.…
AcyclovirHerpesvirus 1, HumanHerpesvirus 2, HumanDNA, ViralHIV (Viruses)In May 2017, Alice Lee, Fiona E. Gibbon, and Kimberley Spivey published “Children’s Attitudes Toward Peers With Unintelligible Speech Associated With…
Cleft PalateCleft LipCleft palate childrenCleft palate—psychological aspectsSmile Train is a non-profit organization that Brian Mullaney and Charles Wang founded in 1999 in New York City, New York, that provides resources and…
Cleft PalateCleft palate childrenCleft palate—psychological aspectsCleft Lip