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Germ Layers
By: Kate MacCord
| Published: Sep 17, 2013
A germ layer is a group of cells in an embryo that interact with each other as the embryo develops and contribute to the formation of all organs and…
GastrulationEmbryologyCell differentiationEmbryosCells
Ectoderm
By: Kate MacCord
| Published: Dec 02, 2013
Ectoderm is one of three germ layers--groups of cells that coalesce early during the embryonic life of all animals except maybe sponges, and from…
EmbryosEmbryologyGastrulationCellsTissues
Pope Innocent XI (1611-1689)
By: Benjamin Garcia, Katherine Brind'Amour
| Published: Nov 11, 2007
Pope Innocent XI, born Benedetto Odescalchi, made considerable contributions to the Roman Catholic approach to embryology by condemning several…
PeoplereligionReproductionCatholicismPopes
John Bertrand Gurdon (1933- )
By: Inbar Maayan, Sean Cohmer
| Published: Oct 11, 2012
Sir John Bertrand Gurdon further developed nuclear transplantation, the technique used to clone organisms and to create stem cells, while working in…
Cell nuclei--TransplantationCellsCloningStem CellsEmbryonic Stem Cells
Andrew Francis Dixon (1868-1936)
By: S. Alexandra Aston
| Published: Apr 01, 2014
Andrew Francis Dixon studied human anatomy and egg cells at the turn of the twentieth century in Ireland and Great Britain. Dixon studied the sensory…
Nerves, CranialPolar BodiesMeiosis
Gunther von Hagens (1945- )
By: Britta Martinez
| Published: Oct 10, 2012
Gunther von Hagens invented a plastination technique and created Body Worlds, a traveling exhibit that has made anatomy part of the public domain.…
PlastinationHuman bodyAnatomical museumsHuman AnatomyEmbryos
Gastrulation in Gallus gallus (Domestic Chicken)
By: Corinne DeRuiter, Maria Doty
| Published: Jun 21, 2011
Gastrulation is an early stage in embryo development in which the blastula reorganizes into three germ layers: the ectoderm, the mesoderm, and the…
GastrulationChicks
Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov (Élie Metchnikoff) (1845-1916)
By: Valerie Racine
| Published: Jul 05, 2014
Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov studied phagocytes, immune function, and starfish embryos in Europe during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.…
PhagocytesEmbryology, ExperimentalPhagocytosisEmbryologyImmunology
Epithelium
By: Kate MacCord
| Published: Oct 17, 2012
Frederik Ruysch, working in the Netherlands, introduced the term epithelia in the third volume of his Thesaurus Anatomicus in 1703. Ruysch created…
EpitheliumRuysch, Frederik, 1638-1731AnatomyCells--MorphologyHis, Wilhelm, 1831-1904
Father Frank Pavone (1959- )
By: Katherine Brind'Amour
| Published: Feb 29, 2008
Father Frank Pavone, a key proponent of the Roman Catholic Church's pro-life movement, has devoted his life's work to ending abortion, euthanasia,…
PeoplereligionReproductionBiographyCatholicism