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John Hunter studied human reproductive anatomy, and in eighteenth century England, performed one of the earliest described cases of artificial…
Artificial InseminationDeadBody snatchingPregnancyAnatomyIn 1955, obstetrician Edward Bishop, a physician specializing in childbirth, published the article “Elective Induction of Labor,” in which he…
LiteratureReproductionChildbirthLabor, Induced (Obstetrics)ObstetricsVirginia Apgar worked as an obstetrical anesthesiologist, administering drugs that reduce women’s pain during childbirth, in the US in the mid-…
Apgar, Virginia, 1909-1974Apgar ScorePregnancyObstetricsChildbirthIn the nineteenth century, obstetricians in Europe began to construct devices to incubate infants in increasingly controlled environments. The infant…
TechnologyPremature InfantsObstetricsMaternal and infant welfareIncubators (Pediatrics)Pierre Constant Budin worked in France to improve the lives of newborns and their mothers during the late nineteenth century. Budin stressed the…
Budin, P. (Pierre), 1846-1907BreastfeedingPremature InfantsBreast milkFetusJohn Chassar Moir lived in Scotland during the twentieth century and helped develop techniques to improve the health of pregnant women. Moir helped…
ObstetricsPregnancyErgot AlkaloidsHemorrhageVaginaThe Planned Parenthood Committee of Phoenix was established in 1942 to expand Arizona women's access to family planning resources. The Planned…
OrganizationContraceptionDiaphragms, VaginalBirth control clinicsGynecologyBarry Morris Goldwater was a Republican Arizona Senator and US presidential candidate in the twentieth-century whose policies supported the women's…
Goldwater, Barry M. (Barry Morris), 1909-1998Sanger, Margaret, 1879-1966ContraceptionPlanned Parenthood Federation of AmericaWomen's rightsIn Jeter v. Mayo, the Court of Appeals of Arizona in 2005 held that a cryopreserved, three-day-old pre-embryo is not a person for purposes of Arizona…
LawCryopreservationEmbryo transplantationFrozen human embryosFertilization in VitroEstablished in 1950, the Planned Parenthood Center of Tucson provided Arizona women with family planning resources until 1977, when it expanded to…
OrganizationSanger, Margaret, 1879-1966ContraceptionPlanned Parenthood Federation of AmericaInfertility