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In 2004, a team of researchers at Tufts-New England Medical Center in Boston, Massachusetts, investigated the fetal cells that remained in the…
CellsStem CellsMaternal-Fetal ExchangeFetal cells from maternal bloodFetusDennis Lo, also called Yuk Ming Dennis Lo, is a professor at the Chinese University of Hong Kong in Hong Kong, China. In 1997, Lo discovered fetal…
genetic testingHuman chromosome abnormalities--DiagnosisPrenatal DiagnosisAmniocentesisChorionic Villus SamplingIn a series of experiments between 1960 and 1965, Robert Geoffrey Edwards discovered how to make mammalian egg cells, or oocytes, mature outside of a…
Edwards, R. G. (Robert Geoffrey), 1925-2013Fertilization in VitroIn Vitro Oocyte Maturation TechniquesOocytesLuteinizing HormoneHwang Woo-suk, a geneticist in South Korea, claimed in Science magazine in 2004 and 2005 that he and a team of researchers had for the first time…
ContextbioethicsHuman cloning--Research--Law and legislationInformed consent (Medical law)Oocyte DonationIsotretinoin is a molecule and a byproduct (metabolite) of vitamin A, and in greater than normal amounts in pregnant women, it can cause fetal…
Teratogenic agentsVitamin AIsotretinoinAbnormalities, HumanTeratogensIn 1868 in England, Charles Darwin proposed his pangenesis theory to describe the units of inheritance between parents and offspring and the…
HeredityDarwin, Charles, 1809-1882ReproductionEvolutionNatural selectionMitochondrial diseases in humans result when the small organelles called mitochondria, which exist in all human cells, fail to function normally. The…
Mitochondrial pathologyMitochondriaCell organellesCell nuclei--TransplantationReproductive technologyJames Graves Wilson's six principles of teratology, published in 1959, guide research on teratogenic agents and their effects on developing organisms…
TeratologyAbnormalities, HumanCongenital AbnormalitiesBirth DefectsCongenital DefectsThalidomide, a drug capable of causing fetal abnormalities (teratogen), has caused greater than ten thousand birth defects worldwide since its…
ContextThalidomideThalidomide--Side effectsTeratogenicity testingMultiple MyelomaBy 2011, researchers in the US had established that non-invasive blood tests can accurately determine the gender of a human fetus as early as seven…
ContextDiagnostic sex determinationSex PreselectionFetusSex Determination Analysis