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The Discovery of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
By: Erica O'Neil
| Published: May 09, 2011
The term Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) was first published in 1973 in an article published in the British medical journal The Lancet. In that article…
fetal alcohol syndromeReproductionHuman Development
Early Infantile Autism and the Refrigerator Mother Theory (1943-1970)
By: Sean Cohmer
| Published: Aug 19, 2014
In 1943, child psychiatrist Leo Kanner in the US gave the first account of Early Infantile Autism that encouraged psychiatrists to investigate what…
ContextKanner, Leo, 1894-1981AutismAutism spectrum disordersAutism in children
Sheldon Clark Reed (1910-2003)
By: Cassidy Possehl
| Published: Jun 10, 2017
Sheldon Clark Reed helped establish the profession of genetic counseling in the US during the twentieth century. In 1947 Reed coined the term genetic…
Genetic CounselingCystic FibrosisDrosophilaGeneticsHmong Americans
"Autistic Disturbances of Affective Contact" (1943), by Leo Kanner
By: Sean Cohmer
| Published: May 23, 2014
Leo Kanner published Autistic Disturbances of Affective Contact in 1943 in the journal Nervous Child. This article described the cases of eleven…
LiteratureKanner, Leo, 1894-1981AutismAutism in childrenAutistic Disorder
The Measles, Mumps, and Rubella (MMR) Vaccine
By: Christian H. Ross
| Published: Mar 30, 2017
The measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine was created by Maurice Hilleman in 1971 at the Merck Institute of Therapeutic Research, a…
TechnologyMMR VaccineViral vaccinesCombined VaccinesRubella
Ponseti's Treatment for Congenital Clubfoot (1963)
By: Katherine Gandee
| Published: Dec 27, 2017
In 1963, Ignacio Ponseti and Eugene Smoley experimentally determined an effective and minimally invasive method of treating congenital clubfoot.…
ClubfootFoot--AbnormalitiesOrthopedicsCongenital Talipes EquinovarusClubfoot, Congenital
The Ponseti Method to Treat Club Foot
By: Katherine Gandee
| Published: Aug 11, 2017
Ignacio Vives Ponseti developed a noninvasive method for treating congenital club foot in the US during the late 1940s. Congenital club foot is a…
ClubfootFoot--AbnormalitiesOrthopedicsCongenital Talipes EquinovarusClubfoot, Congenital
The Malthusian League (1877–1927)
By: Claudia Nunez-Eddy
| Published: Apr 27, 2017
The Malthusian League, founded in London, England, in 1877 promoted the use of contraception to limit family size. Activists Charles Bradlaugh and…
OrganizationEugenicsContraceptionBirth ControlReproductive Rights
A Series of YouTube Videos Detailing the “CRISPR Babies” Experiment (2018), by He Jiankui
By: Risa Aria Schnebly, Brianna Ellis
| Published: Jul 31, 2021
In 2018, He Jiankui uploaded a series of videos to a YouTube channel titled “The He Lab” that detailed one of the first instances of a successful…
Literaturegene editingGenome EditingCRISPR (Genetics)CRISPR-associated protein 9
Franz Josef Kallmann (1897–1965)
By: Jessica Resnick
| Published: Apr 06, 2017
Franz Josef Kallmann studied the biological and genetic factors of psychological disorders in Germany and the United States in the twentieth century…
SchizophreniapsychologyGenetic psychologyHuman GeneticsHomosexuality