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In 2017, Julie Carré, Nicolas Gatimel, Jessika Moreau, Jean Parinaud, and Roger Léandri published “Does Air Pollution Play a Role in Infertility?: a…
LiteratureFertility, HumanReproductionFertilization (Biology)Fertilization in VitroIn 1996, the US Congress mandated that the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) create and regulate the Endocrine Disruptor Screening Program.…
Endocrine disrupting chemicalsEndocrine toxicologyDevelopmental endocrinologyEndocrine SystemHormonesEstrogen is the primary sex hormone in women and it functions during the reproductive menstrual cycle. Women have three major types of estrogen:…
Menstrual CycleOral contraceptivesEstrogenEstradiolEstroneDiethylstilbestrol (DES) is an artificially created hormone first synthesized in the late 1930s. Doctors widely prescribed DES first to pregnant…
DiethylstilbestrolDiethylstilbestrol--Side effectsDiethylstilbestrol--CarcinogenicityPregnancyEstrogenThe sex of a reptile embryo partly results from the production of sex hormones during development, and one process to produce those hormones depends…
Sex DifferentiationReproductionAdaptationfetal developmentEmbryologyIn 1948, Olive Watkins Smith published 'Diethylstilbestrol in the Prevention and Treatment of Complications of Pregnancy' in the American Journal…
LiteraturePregnancyEndocrine disrupting chemicalsHormonesObstetricsBisphenol A (BPA) is an organic compound that was first synthesized by Aleksandr Dianin, a Russian chemist from St. Petersburg, in 1891. The chemical…
bisphenol AReproductionHormonesHuman DevelopmentSindell v. Abbott Laboratories was a 1980 California case that established the doctrine of market share liability for personal injury cases. For such…
LawDiethylstilbestrolMiscarriagePregnancy--ComplicationsPregnancyFrank Rattray Lillie's research on freemartins from 1914 to 1920 in the US led to the theory that hormones partly caused for sex differentiation in…
Lillie, Frank Rattray, 1870-1947Intersexuality in animalsFreemartinismHormonesExperimentsLeon Chesley published Hypertensive Disorders in Pregnancy in 1978 to outline major and common complications that occur during pregnancy and manifest…
LiteratureChesley, Leon C., 1908-2000HypertensionPreeclampsiaDownstate Medical Center (N.Y.)