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Advanced Cell Technology (ACT), a stem cell biotechnology company in Worcester, Massachusetts, showed the potential for cloning to contribute to…
Cell nuclei--TransplantationCloningGaurAdvanced Cell Technology (Firm)EmbryosIn 1962 researcher John Bertrand Gurdon at the University of Oxford in Oxford, England, conducted a series of experiments on the developmental…
Cell nuclei--TransplantationGenetic EngineeringNuclear TransplantationUniversity College (University of Oxford)Xenopus laevisSince the 1950s, scientists have developed interspecies blastocysts in laboratory settings, but not until the 1990s did proposals emerge to engineer…
BlastocystDiseasesbioethicsTadpoleCell nuclei--TransplantationKarl Oskar Illmensee studied the cloning and reproduction of fruit flies, mice, and humans in the US and Europe during the twentieth and twenty-first…
CloningMolecular CloningClone CellsTwinsEmbryosIn the second half of the twentieth century, scientists learned how to clone organisms in some species of mammals. Scientists have applied somatic…
CloningCell nuclei--TransplantationSpemann, Hans, 1869-1941Genetic EngineeringIn 2006, Kazutoshi Takahashi and Shinya Yamanaka reprogrammed mice fibroblast cells, which can produce only other fibroblast cells, to become…
Stem cells--ResearchStem CellsNobel PrizesEmbryologyDevelopmental BiologyThe US President's Council on Bioethics was an organization headquartered in Washington D.C. that was chartered to advise then US President George W…
OrganizationbioethicsAdvisory boardsStem CellsEmbryonic Stem CellsMitochondrial diseases in humans result when the small organelles called mitochondria, which exist in all human cells, fail to function normally. The…
Mitochondrial pathologyMitochondriaCell organellesCell nuclei--TransplantationReproductive technologyIn 1995 and 1996, researchers at the Roslin Institute in Edinburgh, Scotland, cloned mammals for the first time. Keith Campbell, Jim McWhir, William…
CloningClone CellsCloning, MolecularCloning, OrganismExperimentsSir John Bertrand Gurdon further developed nuclear transplantation, the technique used to clone organisms and to create stem cells, while working in…
Cell nuclei--TransplantationCellsCloningStem CellsEmbryonic Stem Cells