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Robert Guthrie developed a method to test infants for phenylketonuria (PKU) in the United States during the twentieth century. PKU is an inherited…
PhenylketonuriaMental RetardationMaple Syrup Urine DiseaseGalactosemiaMicrobiologyIn 2015, Junjiu Huang and his colleagues reported their attempt to enable CRISPR/cas 9-mediated gene editing in nonviable human zygotes for the first…
LiteratureDoudna, Jennifer A.Charpentier, Emmanuelle, 1968-Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic RepeatsCRISPR-Cas SystemsThe Guthrie test, also called the PKU test, is a diagnostic tool to test infants for phenylketonuria a few days after birth. To administer the…
TechnologyGuthrie, Robert, 1916-1995PhenylketonuriaMental RetardationAmino acids--Metabolism--DisordersStafford Leak Warren studied nuclear medicine in the United States during the twentieth century. He used radiation to make images of the body for…
Warren, Stafford L. (Stafford Leak), 1896-1981RadiologyMedical radiologyRadiology--ResearchCancer--Interventional radiologyIn 2007, Philippe Horvath and his colleagues explained how bacteria protect themselves against viruses at Danisco, a Danish food company, in Dangé-…
gene editingStreptococcus thermophilusvirusesBacteriaRNADavid Baltimore studied viruses and the immune system in the US during the twentieth century. In 1975, Baltimore was awarded the Nobel Prize in…
Baltimore, DavidDNAAcquired Immunodeficiency SyndromeMary-Claire King studied genetics in the US in the twenty-first century. King identified two genes associated with the occurrence of breast cancer,…
GeneticsBreast--Cancer--SusceptibilityBreast--Cancer--Prognosis--Statistical methods--CongressesBreast--Cancer--ResearchDNA fingerprintingIn 2007, Dennis Lo and his colleagues used digital polymerase chain reaction or PCR to detect trisomy 21 in maternal blood, validating the method as…
Polymerase chain reactionNucleic Acid Amplification TechniquesDown syndromeDNAAneuploidyIn 2012, Jennifer Doudna, Emmanuelle Charpentier from the University of California, Berkeley, in Berkeley, California, and Umeå University in Umeå,…
gene editingStreptococcus pyogenesTranscription Activator-Like Effector NucleasesscFV green fluorescent protein, recombinantClustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic RepeatsIn 2013, George Church and his colleagues at Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts published RNA-Guided Human Genome Engineering via Cas 9,…
Literaturegene editingTranscription Activator-Like Effector NucleasesscFV green fluorescent protein, recombinantClustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats