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In 1987, the World Health Organization, or WHO, took action to improve the quality of maternal health around the world through the declaration of the…
PregnancyGestationPoorLow-income parentsMothers--MortalityIn 2013, Lois Uttley, Sheila Reynertson, Larraine Kenny, and Louise Melling published “Miscarriage of Medicine: The Growth of Catholic Hospitals and…
LiteratureAbortionBirth ControlCatholicReproductionIn the case Whitner v. South Carolina in 1997, the South Carolina State Supreme Court defined the concept of a child to include viable fetuses. This…
LawEmbryosReproductive RightsPregnancyAbortionTeratogens are substances that may produce physical or functional defects in the human embryo or fetus after the pregnant woman is exposed to the…
Abnormalities, HumanFetusPregnancyTeratogenicity testingEmbryosIn Davis v. Davis (1992), the Supreme Court of Tennessee decided a dispute over cryopreserved preembryos in favor of Junior Lewis Davis, who sought…
LawFrozen human embryosFertilization in VitroAmerican Fertility SocietyConceptionCocaine use by pregnant women has a variety of effects on the embryo and fetus, ranging from various gastro-intestinal and cardiac defects to tissue…
CocaineCocaine abusePregnancyEmbryosFetusIn 2004, a team of researchers at Tufts-New England Medical Center in Boston, Massachusetts, investigated the fetal cells that remained in the…
CellsStem CellsMaternal-Fetal ExchangeFetal cells from maternal bloodFetusDell Publishing in New York City, New York, published Lennart Nilsson's A Child Is Born in 1966. The book was a translation of the Swedish version…
LiteraturedevelopmentPregnancyfetal developmentFetal GrowthFrom 1993 to 1995 researchers led by Robert J. Berry from the US Centers for Disease Control headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia, and Zhu Li from…
Center for Disease ControlFolic AcidFolic Acid DeficiencyFolic acid in human nutritionNeural tube--AbnormalitiesIn 2006, the United States Food and Drug Administration, or FDA, published the “Requirements on Content and Format of Labeling for Human Prescription…
LawDrugs--LabelingDrugs--Labeling--Law and legislationTeratogenic agentsFetus--Effect of drugs on