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Nuclear transplantation is a method in which the nucleus of a donor cell is relocated to a target cell that has had its nucleus removed (enucleated…
Cell nuclei--TransplantationNuclear TransplantationKarl Oskar Illmensee studied the cloning and reproduction of fruit flies, mice, and humans in the US and Europe during the twentieth and twenty-first…
CloningMolecular CloningClone CellsTwinsEmbryosAt the turn of the twentieth century, Edmund B. Wilson performed experiments to show where germinal matter was located in molluscs. At Columbia…
Wilson, Edmund B. (Edmund Beecher), 1856-1939EmbryosEmbryologyDevelopmental BiologyLarvaeMatthew Kaufman was a professor of anatomy at the University of Edinburgh, in Edinburgh, UK, who specialized in mouse anatomy, development, and…
Stem cells--ResearchStem CellsEmbryology, ExperimentalEmbryologyAnatomyDuring the twentieth century, Thomas Raphael Verny studied the way that environment affects a developing fetus’s character and psychological…
PeoplePrenatal CarePrenatal EducationPrenatal care--UtilizationFetal behaviorGeorge McDonald Church studied DNA from living and from extinct species in the US during the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. Church helped to…
DNA SequenceNucleotide sequenceGenesGenomesGeneticsOntogeny and Phylogeny is a book published in 1977, in which the author Stephen J. Gould, who worked in the US, tells a history of the theory of…
LiteratureEvolutionOntogenyEmbryologyMeckel, J. F. (Johann Friedrich), 1781-1833In 1999, researcher Radim Srám, sometimes spelled Radim Šrám, published his article “Impact of Air Pollution on Reproductive Health” in the journal…
LiteratureEffect of air pollution onPollutantsPollutionAir--PollutionTelomerase is an enzyme that regulates the lengths of telomeres in the cells of many organisms, and in humans it begins to function int the early…
TelomeraseTelomereDNAMolecular BiologySomatic embryogenesisA variety of developmental defects occur as a result of prenatal exposure to alcohol (ethanol) in utero. In humans, those defects are collectively…
fetal alcohol syndromeReproductionHuman Development