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“A Sex Chromosome Anomaly in a Case of Gonadal Dysgenesis (Turner’s Syndrome)” (1959), by Charles Edmund Ford, K. W Jones, Paul E. Polani, J. C De Almeida, and J. H Briggs
By: Megha Pillai
| Published: Aug 06, 2024
In 1959, Charles Edmund Ford and colleagues published “A Sex Chromosome Anomaly in a Case of Gonadal Dysgenesis (Turner’s Syndrome),” hereafter “A…
Turner SyndromeGonadal DysgenesisGonadal Dysgenesis, XOGonadal Dysgenesis, 45, XAbnormalities, Sex Chromosome
Christine Jorgensen (1926–1989)
By: Lauren Hilton
| Published: Jun 26, 2024
Christine Jorgensen was a transgender woman and activist in the United States who lived during the twentieth century. She was one of the first US…
Transgender PersonsTransexualsTranssexualismGender IdentityGender
Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome
By: Mary Drago
| Published: Jun 05, 2014
Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome (AIS) is a human disorder in which an individual's genetic sex (genotype) differs from that individual's observable…
AndrogensAndrogens--PathophysiologyIntersexualityIntersex peopleAndrogen-Insensitivity Syndrome
Metoidioplasty
By: Riley McInnis
| Published: May 30, 2024
Metoidioplasty is a type of gender-affirming surgery that creates a small-sized neophallus, or new penis, from an enlarged clitoris. Gender-…
Gender DysphoriaGender-Affirming CareGender-Affirming SurgeryPhalloplastyClitoris
Ethics of Designer Babies
By: Sarah Ly
| Published: Mar 31, 2011
A designer baby is a baby genetically engineered in vitro for specially selected traits, which can vary from lowered disease-risk to gender selection…
ethicsReproductionReproductive RightsGenetic EngineeringEugenics
Gender-affirming Mastectomy
By: Riley McInnis
| Published: Nov 10, 2022
Gender-affirming mastectomy is a type of surgery that removes breast tissue, tightens the skin, and can adjust nipple placement to provide the…
TechnologyTransgender menTransgender youthTransgender ChildrenTransphobia
Sexology (1904) by William Henry Walling
By: Rainey Horwitz
| Published: Jul 12, 2021
In 1904, physician William Henry Walling published Sexology, a family medicine reference book. In his book, Walling proposed that his guidance would…
LiteratureMasturbationCoitus interruptusSexSexology
Harold Delf Gillies (1882-1960)
By: Riley McInnis
| Published: May 31, 2022
Harold Delf Gillies performed one of the first sexual reassignment surgeries, termed gender affirmation surgeries as of 2022, on record in 1946 in…
PhalloplastyGender Reassignment SurgeryGender transitionSurgery, PlasticPedicle flaps (Surgery)
Betty Friedan (1921–2006)
By: Sepehr Abdi-Moradi
| Published: Jun 15, 2017
Betty Friedan advocated for the advancement of women's rights in the twentieth century in the United States. In 1963, Friedan wrote The Feminine…
feminismWomen's rightsAbortionPro-choice movementContraception
MicroSort
By: Alysse Blight
| Published: Jul 09, 2019
"MicroSort, developed in 1990 by the Genetics and IVF Institute, is a form of pre-conception sex selection technology for humans. Laboratories…
Technologyin vitroFertilization in vitro, HumanFertilization in VitroSperm donors