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45 CFR 46: Protection of Human Subjects under United States Law (1974)
By: Megan Kearl
| Published: Jun 17, 2010
In the United States, the Code of Federal Regulations Title 45: Public Welfare, part 46 (45 CFR 46) provides protection for human subjects in…
LawGovernmentFetus
James Daniel Hardy (1918–2003)
By: Aubrey Pinteric
| Published: Jun 13, 2025
James Daniel Hardy was a surgeon and researcher practicing in the United States during the twentieth century who studied organ transplantation, or…
Heart Transplantorgan transplantationGeneral SurgerybioethicsCardiovascular System
“Pregnancy Established in an Infertile Patient After Transfer of a Donated Embryo Fertilized In Vitro” (1983), by Alan Trounson, John Leeton, Mandy Besanko, Carl Wood, and Angelo Conti
By: Whitney Alexandra Tuoti
| Published: Apr 13, 2021
In 1983, researchers Alan Trounson, John Leeton, Carl Wood, Mandy Besanko, and Angelo Conti published the article “Pregnancy Established in an…
LiteratureFertilization in VitroIn vitro fertilizationEgg donorsTest-Tube Babies
Mary Warnock (1924–2019 )
By: Jonathon J. LaTourelle
| Published: Sep 29, 2014
Baroness Mary Warnock of Weeke, a philosopher and crossbench member and Life Peer of the United Kingdom's House of Lords, participated in several…
Fertilization in vitro, HumanFertilization in vitro, Human--Law and legislationFertilization in vitro, Human--Moral and ethical aspectsWarnock, Mary, 1808-1900Reproductive technology
Ectogenesis as a Theme in The Dialectic of Sex: The Case for Feminist Revolution (1970), by Shulamith Firestone
By: Aubrey Pinteric
| Published: Aug 08, 2025
In 1970, Shulamith Firestone, a self-described radical feminist and writer, published The Dialectic of Sex: The Case for Feminist Revolution,…
FertilityEctogenesisReproductive technologyFeminism and scienceFeminism in the press
“An Extra-Uterine System to Physiologically Support the Extreme Premature Lamb” (2017), by Emily Partridge, Marcus Davey, Matthew Hornick, Patrick McGovern, Ali Mejaddam, Jesse Vrecenak, Carmen Mesas-Burgos, Aliza Olive, Robert Caskey, et al.
By: Aubrey Pinteric
| Published: Jun 13, 2025
In April 2017, Alan Flake and colleagues published “An Extra-Uterine System to Physiologically Support the Extreme Premature Lamb,” hereafter “An…
Premature BirthbioethicsArtificial OrgansFetus--DevelopmentExtracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Conjoined Twins
By: Corinne DeRuiter
| Published: Nov 03, 2011
Conjoined twins are twins whose bodies are anatomically joined in utero. The degree to which the twins are attached can range from simple, involving…
Twins, ConjoinedReproductionFetus
Ricardo Hector Asch (1947- )
By: Hilary Gilson
| Published: Jun 10, 2009
Ricardo Hector Asch was born 26 October 1947 in Buenos Aires, Argentina, to a lawyer and French professor, Bertha, and a doctor and professor of…
PeopleFertilityethicsBiography
Intraspecies Chimeras Produced in Laboratory Settings (1960-1975)
By: Sarah Taddeo
| Published: Nov 25, 2014
When cells-but not DNA-from two or more genetically distinct individuals combine to form a new individual, the result is called a chimera. Though…
ContextChimerismEmbryosEmbryonic Stem CellsMosaicism
“Human Pregnancy Following Cryopreservation, Thawing and Transfer of an Eight-Cell Embryo” (1983), by Alan Trounson and Linda Mohr
By: Whitney Alexandra Tuoti, Devangana Shah
| Published: Jul 10, 2024
In 1983, researchers Alan Trounson and Linda Mohr published the article “Human Pregnancy Following Cryopreservation, Thawing and Transfer of an Eight…
CryopreservationFertilization in VitroInfertilityFertility PreservationCryoprotective Agent