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Amniocentesis Prior to 1980
By: Kristin Kelley
| Published: Sep 02, 2010
The extraembryonic membranes that surround and originate from the embryos of vertebrates such as birds, reptiles, and mammals are crucial to their…
AmniocentesisReproductionFetus
Mary Frances Lyon (1925–2014)
By: Devangana Shah
| Published: Jul 04, 2025
Mary Frances Lyon studied gene expression and developed the theory of X-chromosome inactivation, also called Lyonization, during the twentieth…
Gene ExpressionX Chromosome InactivationLyon HypothesisLyonizationMutation
“Gene Action in the X-chromosome of the Mouse (Mus Musculus L.)” (1961), by Mary Lyon
By: Devangana Shah
| Published: Jun 04, 2025
In 1961, Mary Lyon, a researcher who studied genetics, published “Gene Action in the X-chromosome of the Mouse (Mus Musculus L.),” hereafter “Gene…
Sex ChromosomesChromosomes, Human, XX chromosomeGenes, X-linkedX Chromosome Inactivation
Social Implications of Non-Invasive Blood Tests to Determine the Sex of Fetuses
By: Ceara O'Brien
| Published: Mar 23, 2014
By 2011, researchers in the US had established that non-invasive blood tests can accurately determine the gender of a human fetus as early as seven…
ContextDiagnostic sex determinationSex PreselectionFetusSex Determination Analysis
Endoscopic Fetoscopy
By: Olivia Mandile
| Published: Jul 18, 2017
Endoscopic fetoscopy is a minimally invasive surgical procedure performed during pregnancy that allows physicians to view the fetus in-utero.…
TechnologyEndoscopyFetoscopyPrenatal DiagnosisTay-Sachs Disease
Amniocentesis
By: Katherine Brind'Amour
| Published: Jun 04, 2008
Amniocentesis is a test used for prenatal diagnosis of inherited diseases, Rh incompatibility, neural tube defects, and lung maturity. Normally…
AmniocentesisReproductionFetus
Stem Cell Tourism
By: Christina Raup
| Published: Jun 14, 2010
When James Thomson of the University of Wisconsin announced in 1998 that he had derived and cultured human embryonic stem cells(hESCs), Americans…
Stem Cellsethics
Andrew Zachary Fire (1959- )
By: May Catherine
| Published: Nov 28, 2011
Andrew Zachary Fire is a professor at Stanford University and Nobel Laureate. Fire worked at the Carnegie Institution of Washington's Department of…
PeopleRNA InterferenceBiography
A Series of YouTube Videos Detailing the “CRISPR Babies” Experiment (2018), by He Jiankui
By: Risa Aria Schnebly, Brianna Ellis
| Published: Jul 31, 2021
In 2018, He Jiankui uploaded a series of videos to a YouTube channel titled “The He Lab” that detailed one of the first instances of a successful…
Literaturegene editingGenome EditingCRISPR (Genetics)CRISPR-associated protein 9
The Role of the Notch Signaling Pathway in Myogenesis
By: Justin M. Wolter
| Published: Jul 26, 2013
Among other functions, the Notch signaling pathway forestalls the process of myogenesis in animals. The Notch signaling pathway is a pathway in…
MyogenesisNotch genesNotch ProteinsMusclesMyoblasts