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Albert Ludwig Sigesmund Neisser (1855–1916)
By: Eboni E. Andersun
| Published: Jun 03, 2025
Albert Ludwig Sigesmund Neisser was a physician and scientist working in Poland who, in 1879, identified the bacterium that causes gonorrhea. Before…
SyphilisGonorrheaLeprosySexually Transmitted DiseasesBacteria
Isotretinoin (Accutane) as a Teratogen
By: Chanapa Tantibanchachai
| Published: Jul 20, 2014
Isotretinoin is a molecule and a byproduct (metabolite) of vitamin A, and in greater than normal amounts in pregnant women, it can cause fetal…
Teratogenic agentsVitamin AIsotretinoinAbnormalities, HumanTeratogens
Retinoids As Teratogens
By: Chanapa Tantibanchachai
| Published: Feb 28, 2014
Vitamin A (retinol) is an essential vitamin in the daily functioning of human beings that helps regulate cellular differentiation of epithelial…
RetinoidsVitamin A in the bodyTeratogenicity testingAbnormalities, HumanTeratogenic agents
Norbert Freinkel (1926–1989)
By: Blaise Castagnetti
| Published: Jan 16, 2018
During the twentieth century, Norbert Freinkel studied hormones and diabetes in the US. Freinkel conducted many experiments that enabled him to…
Diabetes MellitusPregnancy in DiabeticsThyroid GlandThyroid HormonesRespiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn
Martin Couney and Incubator Exhibits from 1896 to 1943
By: Kelsey Locey
| Published: Jul 20, 2017
During the late 1800s and early 1900s, physician Martin Couney held incubator exhibits to demonstrate the efficacy of infant incubators throughout…
IncubatorsConey Island (New York, N.Y.)Premature InfantsLuna Park (New York, N.Y.)Dreamland (New York, N.Y.)
George Richard Tiller (1941-2009)
By: Mark Zhang
| Published: Jul 16, 2012
George Richard Tiller, a doctor who performed abortions in Wichita, Kansas, was shot to death on 31 May 2009 by Scott Roeder. As the director of one…
AbortionLate-term abortionAbortion servicesFetusAbortion, Legal
Hideyo Noguchi (1876–1928)
By: Srivatsan Swaminathan
| Published: May 30, 2024
Hideyo Noguchi researched bacteria, including Treponema pallidum, the bacterium that causes syphilis, in Japan and the US during the early 1900s.…
SyphilisNeurosyphilisCentral Nervous System SyphilisTreponema pallidumYellow Fever
Harald zur Hausen's Experiments on Human Papillomavirus Causing Cervical Cancer (1976–1987)
By: Grace Kim
| Published: Mar 09, 2017
From 1977 to 1987, Harald zur Hausen led a team of researchers across several institutions in Germany to investigate whether the human papillomavirus…
PapillomavirusesHuman Papilloma VirusHerpes simplex virusCervix uteri--CancerCervical Cancer
“Chapter Two: Minimum Initial Services Package (MISP)” in Reproductive Health in Refugee Situations: An Inter-agency Field Manual (1999), by the Inter-Agency Working Group on Reproductive Health in Crises
By: Ross J. Nalubega
| Published: Jan 18, 2021
In 1999, the Inter-agency Working Group on Reproductive Health in Crises, hereafter the IAWG, wrote the Minimum Initial Services Package, hereafter…
LiteratureRefugee campsChildbirthBirthHIV
Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Strains 16 and 18
By: Grace Kim
| Published: May 04, 2017
The Human Papillomavirus (HPV) strains 16 and 18 are the two most common HPV strains that lead to cases of genital cancer. HPV is the most commonly…
PapillomavirusesHuman Papilloma VirusHuman papillomavirus 16Human papillomavirus 18Uterine Cervical Neoplasms