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In 1995 and 1996, researchers at the Roslin Institute in Edinburgh, Scotland, cloned mammals for the first time. Keith Campbell, Jim McWhir, William…
CloningClone CellsCloning, MolecularCloning, OrganismExperimentsFrom 1958 to 1961, Leonard Hayflick and Paul Moorhead in the US developed a way in the laboratory to cultivate strains of human cells with complete…
MMR VaccineRubellaRubella--VaccinationFetal tissuesOncogenic VirusesPublished in 2002, prostate cancer researcher John R. Masters authored a review article HeLa Cells 50 Years On: The Good, The Bad, and The Ugly that…
LiteratureCell linesContinuous cell linesGerm CellsSurface contaminationIn 1962 researcher John Bertrand Gurdon at the University of Oxford in Oxford, England, conducted a series of experiments on the developmental…
Cell nuclei--TransplantationGenetic EngineeringNuclear TransplantationUniversity College (University of Oxford)Xenopus laevisIn 1952 Robert Briggs and Thomas J. King published their article, "Transplantation of Living Nuclei from Blastula Cells into Enucleated Frogs' Eggs…
Cell nuclei--TransplantationNuclear Transfer TechniquesExperimentsNuclear TransplantationTransplantation
This diagram shows how NCCs migrate differently in rats, birds and amphibians.
Neural CrestEmbryosVertebratesGerm LayersEctodermRichard A. Lockshin's 1963 PhD dissertation on cell death in insect metamorphosis was conducted under the supervision of Harvard insect physiologist…
LiteratureExperimentsPublicationsSilkwormsHormonesIn 1972, Peter Mazur, Stanley Leibo, and Ernest Chu published, “A Two-Factor Hypothesis of Freezing Injury: Evidence from Chinese Hamster Tissue-…
LiteratureCryonicsCryosurgeryMedicine--History--20th centuryOsmosisIn 1975 John Gurdon, Ronald Laskey, and O. Raymond Reeves published "Developmental Capacity of Nuclei Transplanted from Keratinized Skin Cells of…
Nuclear Transfer TechniquesExperimentsPublicationsFrogsNuclear TransplantationHans Adolf Eduard Driesch was a late-nineteenth and early-twentieth century philosopher and developmental biologist. In the spring of 1891 Driesch…
ExperimentsPublicationsSea Urchins