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Julia Bell (1879-1979)
By: Jesse King
| Published: Dec 27, 2012
Julia Bell worked in twentieth-century Britain, discovered Fragile X Syndrome, and helped find heritable elements of other developmental and genetic…
Genetic Disordersfetal developmentRubella in pregnancyRubella virusHeredity
Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) Gene
By: Kristina Winikates
| Published: Jan 01, 2012
The Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) gene was identified in 1989 by geneticist Lap-Chee Tsui and his research team as the…
Cystic FibrosisReproductionCongenital DisordersHuman Development
Understanding and Treating Gonorrhea from the Eighteenth Century to the Twenty-First Century
By: Eboni E. Andersun
| Published: Jul 08, 2024
Gonorrhea is a sexually transmitted disease, or STD, caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Common symptoms of the disease include painful…
GonorrheaNeisseria gonorrhoeaeUrinationSyphilisPelvic Inflammatory Disease
National Association for Down Syndrome (1960–)
By: Grace Rauch
| Published: Dec 22, 2022
The National Association for Down Syndrome, or NADS, is an organization that was founded in 1960 by Kathryn McGee in Chicago, Illinois, to support…
OrganizationDown syndromeChildren with Down syndromeMothers of children with Down syndromeDown syndrome--Patients--Biography
The Report of the Committee of Inquiry into Human Fertilisation and Embryology (1984), by Mary Warnock and the Committee of Inquiry into Human Fertilisation and Embryology
By: Jonathon J. LaTourelle
| Published: Oct 02, 2014
The Report of the Committee of Inquiry into Human Fertilisation and Embryology, commonly called the Warnock Report after the chair of the committee…
LiteratureFertilityFertilization in vitro, HumanReproductive technologyEmbryo transplantation
Sanger Sequencing
By: Tea Zawilak
| Published: Aug 08, 2025
Sanger sequencing is a laboratory method that scientists use to determine the sequence of nucleotides within a piece of deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA…
Sequence Analysis, DNAGenomicsPolymerase chain reactionNucleotide sequenceGenetics
Germ-Free Animals
By: Maggie Zhou
| Published: May 24, 2024
Germ-free, or GF, animals are laboratory animals that completely lack microbes, making them useful tools for microbiome research. Researchers create…
Germ-Free LifeMicrobiome, HumanGut MicrobiomeBrain-Gut AxisGermfree animals
Penicillin
By: Srivatsan Swaminathan
| Published: Aug 12, 2024
Penicillin is a type of drug called an antibiotic that can treat bacterial infections by killing the bacteria or making it difficult for the bacteria…
Antibiotics, PenicillinStaphylococcusAntibacterial Drug ResistanceSyphilisDrug Development
Marshall Henry Klaus (1927–2017)
By: Alexis Darby
| Published: Jul 17, 2018
Marshall Henry Klaus was a scientist and pediatrician who studied maternal-infant bonding in the twentieth century in the United States. Maternal-…
Mother and infantMother-Infant InteractionDoulasLaborObstetrics
"Hybrids and Chimeras: A Consultation on the Ethical and Social Implications of Creating Human/Animal Embryos in Research" (2007), by the HFEA
By: Sarah Taddeo, Jason S. Robert
| Published: Nov 04, 2014
To educate its citizens about research into chimeras made from human and non-human animal cells, the United Kingdom's Human Fertilisation Embryology…
LiteratureChimerismHuman reproductive technologyHuman CloningFertilization in vitro, Human