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Elizabeth Blackwell (1821–1910)
By: Alexis Darby
| Published: Dec 19, 2017
In the nineteenth century, Elizabeth Blackwell was a women’s healthcare reformer and the first woman to receive her medical degree in the United…
Women in MedicineWomen in medicine--HistoryWomen physiciansWomen physicians--United StatesObstetrics
John Craig Venter (1946- )
By: Tito Carvalho
| Published: May 06, 2014
John Craig Venter helped map the genomes of humans, fruitflies, and other organisms in the US in the late 1990s and early 2000s, and he helped…
Nucleotide sequenceVenter, J. CraigCelera GenomicsExpressed Sequence TagsHaemophilus influenzae
Buck v. Bell (1927)
By: Nathalie Antonios, Christina Raup
| Published: Jan 01, 2012
In 1927, the US Supreme Court case Buck v. Bell set the legal precedent that states may sterilize inmates of public institutions because the court…
LawEugenicsConstitutional courtsSterilization (Birth control)Involuntary Sterilization
The Fruits of Philosophy (1832), by Charles Knowlton
By: Claudia Nunez-Eddy, Caroline Meek
| Published: Oct 05, 2017
In 1832, Charles Knowlton published The Fruits of Philosophy, a pamphlet advocating for controlling reproduction and detailing methods for preventing…
LiteratureBirth ControlObscenity (Law)--Great BritainPublications
William Withey Gull (1816-1890)
By: Alexis Abboud
| Published: May 07, 2017
William Withey Gull studied paraplegia, anorexia, and hormones as a physician in England during the nineteenth century. In addition to caring for…
AnorexiaAnorexia NervosaIllness anxiety disorderThyroid HormonesThyroid Gland
Pearl Luella Kendrick (1890–1980)
By: Maggie Zhou
| Published: Dec 23, 2022
Pearl Luella Kendrick researched prevention for pertussis, commonly known as whooping cough, in Grand Rapids, Michigan, during the mid-1900s.…
Tuberculosis VaccinesPertussis vaccinesAmerican Public Health AssociationPublicationsViral vaccines
Non-Therapeutic Infant Circumcision
By: Matthew Tontonoz
| Published: Aug 12, 2025
Non-therapeutic infant circumcision is the surgical removal of healthy foreskin from a male infant, often shortly after birth, for the purpose of…
Circumcision, MaleMale circumcisionMasturbationForeskinForeskin removal
The Human Genome Project (1990-2003)
By: Tian Zhu, Tito Carvalho
| Published: May 06, 2014
The Human Genome Project (HGP) was an international scientific effort to sequence the entire human genome, that is, to produce a map of the base…
OrganizationsHuman Genome ProjectNational Center for Human Genome Research (U.S.)National Human Genome Research Institute (U.S.)Sequence Analysis, DNA
“Fate of the Foreskin: A Study of Circumcision” (1949) by Douglas Gairdner
By: Matthew Tontonoz
| Published: Aug 09, 2025
In 1949, Douglas Gairdner, a pediatrician in Cambridge, England, published “Fate of the Foreskin: A Study of Circumcision,” hereafter, “Fate of the…
Circumcision, MaleForeskinHPV-31PhimosisForeskin--Surgery
World Health Organization Guidelines (Option A, B, and B+) for Antiretroviral Drugs to Treat Pregnant Women and Prevent HIV Infection in Infants
By: Sierra Hope Jones, Alexis Darby
| Published: Mar 01, 2021
To address the international Human Immunodeficiency Virus epidemic, the World Health Organization, or WHO, developed three drug treatment regimens…
HIV-positive personsHIV infectionsHIV-positive youthHIV-positive womenHIV-positive children