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In the 1990s, Ian Wilmut, Jim McWhir, and Keith Campbell performed experiments while working at the Roslin Institute in Roslin, Scotland. Wilmut,…
CloningMolecular CloningClone CellsCampbell, Keith, 1954-2012Roslin InstituteAmong other functions, the Notch signaling pathway contributes to the development of somites in animals. It involves a cell signaling mechanism with…
Notch genesNotch ProteinsReceptors, NotchNotch ReceptorsChristiane Nusslein-Volhard studied how genes control embryonic development in flies and in fish in Europe during the twentieth and twenty-first…
DrosophilaEmbryologyGenesMorphogenesisRNA polymerasesThe gradient theory is recognized as Charles Manning Child's most significant scientific contribution. Gradients brought together Child's interest…
RegenerationIn April 2017, Alan Flake and colleagues published “An Extra-Uterine System to Physiologically Support the Extreme Premature Lamb,” hereafter “An…
Premature BirthbioethicsArtificial OrgansFetus--DevelopmentExtracorporeal membrane oxygenationWhen cells-but not DNA-from two or more genetically distinct individuals combine to form a new individual, the result is called a chimera. Though…
ContextChimerismEmbryosEmbryonic Stem CellsMosaicismHilde Proscholdt Mangold was a doctoral student at the Zoological Institute at the University of Freiburg in Freiburg, Germany, from 1920-1923.…
LiteratureEmbryosTrembley, Abraham, 1710-1784GastrulationEmbryologyIn 2015, the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) partnered with The Open University to produce the three-part documentary series, Countdown to…
LiteratureConceptionGestationReproductionPhysiologyNerve growth factor (NGF) is a signaling protein and growth factor implicated in a wide range of development and maintenance functions. NGF was…
Nerve Growth FactorChicksDe ovi mammalium et hominis genesi (On the Genesis of the Ovum of Mammals and of Men) is an 1827 pamphlet by Karl Ernst von Baer about the anatomical…
LiteratureBaer, Karl Ernst von, 1792-1876developmentAnatomy, ComparativeGerm Cells