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Charles Bradlaugh was as a political and social activist in the seventeenth century in England. He held leadership positions in various organizations…
Knowlton, Charles, 1800-1850Bradlaugh, Charles, 1833-1891Besant, Annie, 1847-1933Birth ControlObscenity (Law)--Great BritainIn the spring of 1841, abortionist Ann Lohman, called Madame Restell, was convicted for crimes against one of her abortion clients, Maria Purdy. In a…
AbortionReproductive RightsLight therapy, also called phototherapy, exposes infants with jaundice, a yellowing of the skin and eyes, to artificial or natural light to break…
TechnologyPhototherapyJaundiceKernicterusBilirubinJames Young Simpson was one of the first obstetricians to administer anesthesia during childbirth in nineteenth century Scotland. Before his work in…
ChildbirthObstetricsLabor (Obstetrics)ChloroformEtherBetween 1957 and 1959, Arthur Pardee, Francois Jacob, and Jacques Monod conducted a set of experiments at the Pasteur Institute in Paris, France,…
Genetic transformationGenetic recombinationEnzyme KineticsMessenger RNANobel Prize winnersCarol Widney Greider studied telomeres and telomerase in the US at the turn of the twenty-first century. She worked primarily at the University of…
Greider, Carol W.Women Nobel Prize winnersNobel Prize winnersTelomeraseTelomereIn the 1990s, researchers working at the Roslin Institute in Edinburgh, Scotland, performed cloning experiments in collaboration with PPL…
CloningChristmas FactorBlood coagulation factor IXRoslin InstituteWilmut, IanIn the case Randy M. Roman v. Augusta N. Roman (2006), the Court of Appeals of Texas followed courts in other states and upheld the validity and…
LawFrozen human embryosFertilization in VitroEmbryo DispositionEmbryoIn September 1979, China's Fifth National People's Congress passed a policy that encouraged one-child families. Following this decision from the…
ContextethicsReproductionFertilityGovernmentIn 1916, eugenicist Madison Grant published the book The Passing of the Great Race; or The Racial Basis of European History, hereafter The Passing of…
LiteratureEugenicsNuremberg War Crime Trials, Nuremberg, Germany, 1946-1949Involuntary sterilization--Law and legislationInterracial marriage--United States