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Inducing Fertilization and Development in Sand Dollars
By: Karen Wellner
| Published: Jun 24, 2010
Sand dollars are common marine invertebrates in the phylum Echinodermata and share the same class (Echinoidea) as sea urchins. They have served as…
Sand DollarsFertilizationInvertebrates
The Use of Morphine and Scopolamine to Induce Twilight Sleep
By: Jessica Cartwright
| Published: May 02, 2019
In 1907, researchers Bernhardt Kronig and Carl Gauss combined the drugs morphine and scopolamine to induce twilight sleep in women during childbirth…
MorphineScopolamineAnesthesia AdjuvantsAnesthesiaLabor (Obstetrics)
"Derivation of Pluripotent Stem Cells from Cultured Human Primordial Germ Cells" (1998), by John Gearhart et al.
By: Ke Wu
| Published: Sep 14, 2010
In November 1998, two independent reports were published concerning the first isolation of pluripotent human stem cells, one of which was "Derivation…
LiteratureStem CellsPublications
The Genetic Control and Cytoplasmic Expression of 'Inducibility' in the synthesis of B-galactosidase" (1959), by Arthur B. Pardee, Francois Jacob, and Jacques Monod
By: Abhinav Mishra
| Published: May 28, 2015
Between 1957 and 1959, Arthur Pardee, Francois Jacob, and Jacques Monod conducted a set of experiments at the Pasteur Institute in Paris, France,…
Genetic transformationGenetic recombinationEnzyme KineticsMessenger RNANobel Prize winners
“Studies on the Chemical Nature of the Substance Inducing Transformation of Pneumococcal Types: Induction of Transformation by a Desoxyribonucleic Acid Fraction Isolated from Pneumococcus Type III” (1944) by Oswald Avery, Colin MacLeod and Maclyn McCarty
By: Victoria Hernandez
| Published: Jul 08, 2019
In 1944, Oswald Avery, Colin MacLeod, and Maclyn McCarty published an article in which they concluded that genes, or molecules that dictate how…
LiteratureTransformation, BacterialBacterial TransformationStreptococcus pneumoniaeBacterial genetics
James Alexander Thomson (1958- )
By: Ke Wu
| Published: Feb 01, 2011
James Alexander Thomson, affectionately known as Jamie Thomson, is an American developmental biologist whose pioneering work in isolating and…
PeopleThomson, James A., Dr.Stem CellsBiography
Shinya Yamanaka (1962- )
By: Samuel Philbrick
| Published: Apr 07, 2011
Shinya Yamanaka gained international prominence after publishing articles detailing the successful generation of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells…
PeopleStem CellsBiography
San Diego Zoo Institute for Conservation Research
By: Karen Love
| Published: Jun 12, 2017
The San Diego Zoo Institute for Conservation Research (SDZICR) in San Diego, California, is a research organization that works to generate, use, and…
OrganizationpreservationGeneticsEndangered SpeciesDNA
“Ethics and Policy in Embryonic Stem Cell Research” (1999), by John Ancona Robertson
By: Aida Movahed
| Published: Aug 11, 2025
In 1999, John Ancona Robertson, a researcher who studied bioethics and law, published “Ethics and Policy in Embryonic Stem Cell Research,” hereafter…
Embryo Culture TechniquesEmbryo ResearchEmbryo, MammalianEmbryonic Developmentbioethics
Thesis: Growing Human Organs in Animals: Interspecies Blastocyst Complementation as a Potential Solution for Organ Transplant Limitations
By: Alexis Darby
| Published: Mar 08, 2021
To address the progression of immune-related constraints on organ transplantation, the first part of this thesis contains a historical analysis…
organ transplantationOrgan TransplantsTransplant RecipientsTransplant Recipient