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Nicolaas Hartsoeker (1656-1725)
By: Cera R. Lawrence
| Published: Sep 26, 2008
Nicolaas Hartsoeker, a Dutch astronomer, optics manufacturer, and naturalist, was born 26 March 1656 in Gouda, Netherlands, and died 10 December 1725…
PeopleHartsoeker, Nicolas, 1656-1725SpermatozoaBiographySperm
On the Generation of Animals, by Aristotle
By: Cera R. Lawrence
| Published: Oct 02, 2010
Aristotle's On the Generation of Animals is referred to in Latin as De Generatione animalium. As with many of Aristotle's writings, the exact date of…
LiteratureReproductionPublicationsphilosophy
Hartsoeker's Homunculus Sketch from Essai de Dioptrique
By: Cera R. Lawrence
| Published: Aug 14, 2008
This embryology image is a pencil sketch by Nicolaas Hartsoeker, published as part of his 1694 French-language paper entitled Essai de Dioptrique, a…
SpermatozoaSperm
Albrecht von Haller (1708-1777)
By: Cera R. Lawrence
| Published: Sep 22, 2008
Victor Albrecht von Haller was an 18th century scientist who did extensive work in the life sciences, including anatomy and physiology, botany, and…
OvumOvaFetus
Homunculus
By: Cera R. Lawrence
| Published: Aug 13, 2008
The term homunculus is Latin for "little man." It is used in neurology today to describe the map in the brain of sensory neurons in each part of the…
Spermism
By: Cera R. Lawrence
| Published: Aug 13, 2008
Spermism was one of two models of preformationism, a theory of embryo generation prevalent in the late seventeenth through the end of the eighteenth…
SpermatozoaSpermOva
Preformationism in the Enlightenment
By: Cera R. Lawrence
| Published: Aug 11, 2008
Preformationism was a theory of embryological development used in the late seventeenth through the late eighteenth centuries. This theory held that…
OvaSperm
Marcello Malpighi (1646-1694)
By: Cera R. Lawrence
| Published: Sep 12, 2008
Marcello Malpighi studied chick embryos with microscopes in Italy during the seventeenth century. Trained as a medical doctor, he was among the first…
MicroscopyHistologyChick Embryo
Charles Bonnet (1720-1793)
By: Cera R. Lawrence
| Published: Jun 10, 2009
Charles Bonnet was a naturalist and philosopher in the mid eighteenth century. His most important contribution to embryology was the discovery of…
PeopleParthenogenesisBiography