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To study human evolution, researchers sometimes use microstructures found in human teeth and their knowledge of the processes by which those…
EvolutionteethDental EnamelFossilsHuman EvolutionPaul M. Brakefield and his research team in Leiden, the Netherlands, examined the development, plasticity, and evolution of butterfly eyespot…
ButterfliesDevelopmental BiologyPhenotypic plasticityGenotype-environment interactionEvolutionary developmental biologyThe biogenetic law is a theory of development and evolution proposed by Ernst Haeckel in Germany in the 1860s. It is one of several recapitulation…
EvolutionDevelopmental BiologyEmbryologyAnatomy, ComparativeOntogeny and Phylogeny is a book published in 1977, in which the author Stephen J. Gould, who worked in the US, tells a history of the theory of…
LiteratureEvolutionOntogenyEmbryologyMeckel, J. F. (Johann Friedrich), 1781-1833Stephen Jay Gould studied snail fossils and worked at Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts during the latter half of the twentieth century…
Punctuated equilibrium (Evolution)Spandrel beamsOntogenyPhylogenyFossilsTwo main elements characterize the skeletal morphology of turtles: the carapace and the plastron. For a turtle, the carapacial ridge begins in the…
TurtlesMorphology (Animals)EmbryosGerm CellsEmbryologyIn 1969, Roy J. Britten and Eric H. Davidson published Gene Regulation for Higher Cells: A Theory, in Science. A Theory proposes a minimal model…
LiteratureGenetic regulationCell differentiationEvolutionGenesThe sex of a reptile embryo partly results from the production of sex hormones during development, and one process to produce those hormones depends…
Sex DifferentiationReproductionAdaptationfetal developmentEmbryologyIn 2008 researchers Daniel Warner and Richard Shine tested the Charnov-Bull model by conducting experiments on the Jacky dragon (Amphibolurus…
ExperimentsSex DifferentiationReproductionAdaptationfetal developmentIn nineteenth century Great Britain, Thomas Henry Huxley proposed connections between the development of organisms and their evolutionary histories,…
PeopleDarwin, Charles, 1809-1882EvolutionpaleontologyEmbryology