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"Embryonic Stem Cell Lines Derived from Human Blastocytes" (1998), by James Thomson
By: Ke Wu
| Published: Feb 01, 2011
After becoming chief pathologist at the University of Wisconsin-Madison Wisconsin Regional Primate Center in 1995, James A. Thomson began his…
Stem CellsExperimentsPublicationsHuman Development
Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer in Mammals (1938-2013)
By: Zane Bartlett
| Published: Nov 04, 2014
In the second half of the twentieth century, scientists learned how to clone organisms in some species of mammals. Scientists have applied somatic…
CloningCell nuclei--TransplantationSpemann, Hans, 1869-1941Genetic Engineering
“Survival of Mouse Embryos Frozen to -196 ° and -269 °C” (1972), by David Whittingham, Stanley Leibo, and Peter Mazur
By: Risa Aria Schnebly
| Published: Oct 01, 2020
In 1972, David Whittingham, Stanley Leibo, and Peter Mazur published the paper, “Survival of Mouse Embryos Frozen to -196 ° and -269 °C,” hereafter…
LiteratureCultures (Biology)--CryopreservationCells--CryopreservationMolecular weightsCryobiology
Stem Cells
By: Ke Wu
| Published: Oct 29, 2010
According to the US National Institutes of Health (NIH), the standard American source on stem cell research, three characteristics of stem cells…
Stem Cells
Developmental Timeline of Alcohol-Induced Birth Defects
By: Erica O'Neil
| Published: Apr 24, 2011
Maternal consumption of alcohol (ethanol) during pregnancy can result in a continuum of embryonic developmental abnormalities that vary depending on…
fetal alcohol syndromeReproductionHuman Development
Gail Roberta Martin (1944– )
By: Lance Villarreal
| Published: Jul 31, 2019
In the twentieth and early twenty-first centuries, Gail Roberta Martin specialized in biochemistry and embryology, more specifically cellular…
EmbryosEmbryos--PhysiologyEmbryos--AnatomyBlastocystRetrovirus Infections
"Generation of Germline-Competent Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells" (2007), by Keisuke Okita, Tomoko Ichisaka, and Shinya Yamanaka
By: Samuel Philbrick
| Published: Nov 22, 2010
In the July 2007 issue of Nature, Keisuke Okita, Tomoko Ichisaka, and Shinya Yamanaka added to the new work on induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs…
LiteratureStem CellsPublicationsSomatic cells
The First Successful Cloning of a Gaur (2000), by Advanced Cell Technology
By: Caroline Appleton
| Published: Jul 26, 2013
Advanced Cell Technology (ACT), a stem cell biotechnology company in Worcester, Massachusetts, showed the potential for cloning to contribute to…
Cell nuclei--TransplantationCloningGaurAdvanced Cell Technology (Firm)Embryos
Robert Geoffrey Edwards and Patrick Christopher Steptoe's Clinical Research in Human in vitro Fertilization and Embryo Transfer, 1969-1980
By: Lijing Jiang
| Published: May 12, 2011
The biomedical accomplishment of human in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) took years to become the successful technique that…
ReproductionExperimentsFertilization
“Human Pregnancy Following Cryopreservation, Thawing and Transfer of an Eight-Cell Embryo” (1983), by Alan Trounson and Linda Mohr
By: Whitney Alexandra Tuoti, Devangana Shah
| Published: Jul 10, 2024
In 1983, researchers Alan Trounson and Linda Mohr published the article “Human Pregnancy Following Cryopreservation, Thawing and Transfer of an Eight…
CryopreservationFertilization in VitroInfertilityFertility PreservationCryoprotective Agent