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In the twentieth and early twenty-first centuries, Gail Roberta Martin specialized in biochemistry and embryology, more specifically cellular…
EmbryosEmbryos--PhysiologyEmbryos--AnatomyBlastocystRetrovirus InfectionsMesenchyme is a type of animal tissue comprised of loose cells embedded in a mesh of proteins and fluid, called the extracellular matrix. The loose,…
MesenchymeGastrulationStem CellsMesenchymal Stem CellsEmbryologyTwo main elements characterize the skeletal morphology of turtles: the carapace and the plastron. For a turtle, the carapacial ridge begins in the…
TurtlesMorphology (Animals)EmbryosGerm CellsEmbryologyPossums is a 174-page book consisting of a series of essays written about the Virginia opossum (Didelphis virginiana), the only living marsupial in…
LiteratureVirginia opossumEmbryologyMarsupialsNatural historyThe sex of a reptile embryo partly results from the production of sex hormones during development, and one process to produce those hormones depends…
Sex DifferentiationReproductionAdaptationfetal developmentEmbryologyIn 1974, Elizabeth Dexter Hay and Stephen Meier in the US conducted an experiment that demonstrated that the extracellular matrix, the mesh-like…
Extracellular matrixCollagenCorneaEpitheliumEmbryosA germ layer is a group of cells in an embryo that interact with each other as the embryo develops and contribute to the formation of all organs and…
GastrulationEmbryologyCell differentiationEmbryosCellsEtienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, commonly known as Geoffroy, studied animals, their anatomy and their embryos, and teratogens at the National Museum…
Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, Etienne, 1772-1844TeratologyZoologyFrench RevolutionHomology theoryThe Y-chromosome is one of a pair of chromosomes that determine the genetic sex of individuals in mammals, some insects, and some plants. In the…
Y ChromosomeSex ChromosomesEmbryosDNAChromosomesTooth enamel contains relics of its formation process, in the form of microstructures, which indicate the incremental way in which it forms. These…
EvolutionteethDental EnamelHuman EvolutionAnatomy