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In 1953, Virginia Apgar published the article "A Proposal for a New Method for Evaluation of the Newborn Infant" about her method for scoring newborn…
LiteratureObstetricsAnesthesiologyCesarean SectionDelivery (Obstetrics)During the late 1800s and early 1900s, physician Martin Couney held incubator exhibits to demonstrate the efficacy of infant incubators throughout…
IncubatorsConey Island (New York, N.Y.)Premature InfantsLuna Park (New York, N.Y.)Dreamland (New York, N.Y.)Virginia Apgar and colleagues wrote “Evaluation of the Newborn Infant—Second Report” in 1958. This article explained that Apgar’s system for…
LiteratureApgar ScoreObstetricsChildbirthAnesthesiologyWilliam Smellie helped to incorporate scientific medicine into the process of childbirth in eighteenth century Britain. As a male physician…
MidwivesObstetrical ForcepsChildbirthObstetricsLabor (Obstetrics)In 2003, Carmina Gisbert and her research team produced a tobacco plant that could remove lead from soil. To do so, they inserted a gene from wheat…
PhytoremediationtobaccoLeadSoil PollutioncadmiumIn the 1990s, researchers working at the Roslin Institute in Edinburgh, Scotland, performed cloning experiments in collaboration with PPL…
CloningChristmas FactorBlood coagulation factor IXRoslin InstituteWilmut, IanGeorge Wells Beadle and Edward Lawrie Tatum's 1941 article Genetic Control of Biochemical Reactions in Neurospora detailed their experiments on how…
GenesGeneticsExperimentsNeurosporaMolecular BiologyEstablished in tandem with Singapore's national Biomedical Sciences Initiatives, the Bioethics Advisory Committee (BAC) was established by the…
OrganizationsSingaporeStem Cellsin vitroethicsDuring the mid-nineteenth century, Johann Gregor Mendel experimented with pea plants to develop a theory of inheritance. In 1843, while a monk in the…
GeneticsPeasLegumesPhenotypePlant breedingIn an effort to develop tissue culture techniques for long-term tissue cultivation, French surgeon and biologist Alexis Carrel, and his associates,…
Carrel, Alexis, 1873-1944Tissue cultureCellsGerm CellsEmbryos