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In Australia in the 1940s, Norman McAlister Gregg observed a connection between pregnant women who contracted the rubella virus, or German measles,…
LiteratureCataract in childrenRubellaRubella in pregnancyRubella virusJosef Warkany studied the environmental causes of birth defects in the United States in the twentieth century. Warkany was one of the first…
Abnormalities, HumanVitamin ARetinoidsHypervitaminosiscalomelJohann Friedrich Meckel studied abnormal animal and human anatomy in nineteenth century Germany in an attempt to explain embryological development.…
PeopleAnatomy, ComparativeEmbryologyBirth Defectsfetal developmentThe article Experimental Studies on Congenital Malformations was published in the Journal of Chronic Diseases in 1959. The author, James G. Wilson,…
LiteratureAbnormalities, HumanBirth DefectsTeratologymalformationsSprayed extensively by the US military in Vietnam, Agent Orange contained a dioxin contaminant later found to be toxic to humans. Despite reports by…
Agent OrangeHerbicidesSpina BifidaNeural tube--AbnormalitiesSpinal cord--AbnormalitiesSpina bifida is a birth defect that affects the spines of developing fetuses and infants, and research in the 20th century indicated that chemicals…
Agent OrangeHerbicidesSpina BifidaNeural tube--AbnormalitiesSpinal cord--AbnormalitiesSidney Q. Cohlan studied birth defects in the US during the twentieth century. Cohlan helped to discover that if a pregnant woman ate too much…
Abnormalities, HumanRetinoidsVitamin AHypervitaminosisTetracyclineSurgeons sometimes operate on the developing fetuses in utero of pregnant women as a medical intervention to treat a number of congential…
ethicsFetus--SurgeryFetoscopyUltrasonics in obstetricsEndoscopyDandy-Walker Syndrome is a congenital brain defect in humans characterized by malformations to the cerebellum, the part of the brain that controls…
Dandy, Walter Edward, 1886-1946Walker, A. Earl (Arthur Earl), 1907-1995HydrocephalusBirth DefectsDandy-Walker SyndromeThe March of Dimes Foundation, or the March of Dimes, is a non-profit organization headquartered in Arlington, Virginia, focused on the health of…
OrganizationsPoliomyelitisInfantile ParalysisPolioBirth Defects