Early in the process of development, vertebrate embryos develop a fold on the neural plate where the neural and epidermal ectoderms meet,

Neurocristopathies are a class of pathologies, or disorders, in vertebrates, including humans, that result from abnormal expression, migration, differentiation, or death of neural crest cells (NCCs) during embryonic development. NCCs are cells

The hedgehog signaling pathway is a mechanism that regulates cell growth and differentiation during embryonic development, called embryogenesis, in animals. The hedgehog signaling pathway works both between cells and within individual cells. The hedgehog