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In the United States, most people are assigned both a biological sex and gender at birth based on their chromosomes and reproductive organs. However…
GenderGender-nonconforming peopleGender transitionGender expressionGender NonconformityIn June 2015, the Ethics Committee of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine, or ASRM, published “Use of reproductive technology for sex…
LiteratureSex PreselectionFertilization in VitroReproductive technologyHuman reproductive technologyGender-affirming mastectomy is a type of surgery that removes breast tissue, tightens the skin, and can adjust nipple placement to provide the…
TechnologyTransgender menTransgender youthTransgender ChildrenTransphobiaAndrogen Insensitivity Syndrome (AIS) is a human disorder in which an individual's genetic sex (genotype) differs from that individual's observable…
AndrogensAndrogens--PathophysiologyIntersexualityIntersex peopleAndrogen-Insensitivity SyndromeIn the book Your Baby’s Sex: Now You Can Choose, David Michael Rorvik and Landrum Brewer Shettles describe methods that couples can use prior to and…
LiteratureSex PreselectionSex PredeterminationFamily PlanningGender"MicroSort, developed in 1990 by the Genetics and IVF Institute, is a form of pre-conception sex selection technology for humans. Laboratories…
Technologyin vitroFertilization in vitro, HumanFertilization in VitroSperm donorsBy 2011, researchers in the US had established that non-invasive blood tests can accurately determine the gender of a human fetus as early as seven…
ContextDiagnostic sex determinationSex PreselectionFetusSex Determination AnalysisIn 2008 researchers Daniel Warner and Richard Shine tested the Charnov-Bull model by conducting experiments on the Jacky dragon (Amphibolurus…
ExperimentsSex DifferentiationReproductionAdaptationfetal developmentIn the 1960s in the United States Landrum B. Shettles developed the Shettles method, which is a procedure for couples to use prior to and during an…
TechnologySex PreselectionSex PredeterminationFamily PlanningSex ChromosomesHermaphrodites and the Medical Invention of Sex, by historian of science Alice Domurat Dreger, was published in 1998 by Harvard University Press. In…
LiteratureIntersex peopleGonads--DiseasesDisorders of Sex DevelopmentSex