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This project focuses on the history of how teratogens, or agents which have the potential to cause birth defects, have been understood and tested for…
Teratogenicity testingHistory, 20th CenturyHistory, Twentieth CenturyIn an attempt to discover, analyze, and compile those complex issues with which community health workers should be knowledgeable, this project…
RegulationChildren of prenatal substance abuseHealth PolicyNational Health PolicySidney Q. Cohlan studied birth defects in the US during the twentieth century. Cohlan helped to discover that if a pregnant woman ate too much…
Abnormalities, HumanRetinoidsVitamin AHypervitaminosisTetracyclineThe article Experimental Studies on Congenital Malformations was published in the Journal of Chronic Diseases in 1959. The author, James G. Wilson,…
LiteratureAbnormalities, HumanBirth DefectsTeratologymalformationsJosef Warkany studied the environmental causes of birth defects in the United States in the twentieth century. Warkany was one of the first…
Abnormalities, HumanVitamin ARetinoidsHypervitaminosiscalomelIn the case Whitner v. South Carolina in 1997, the South Carolina State Supreme Court defined the concept of a child to include viable fetuses. This…
LawEmbryosReproductive RightsPregnancyAbortionIsotretinoin is a molecule and a byproduct (metabolite) of vitamin A, and in greater than normal amounts in pregnant women, it can cause fetal…
Teratogenic agentsVitamin AIsotretinoinAbnormalities, HumanTeratogensThalidomide, a drug capable of causing fetal abnormalities (teratogen), has caused greater than ten thousand birth defects worldwide since its…
ContextThalidomideThalidomide--Side effectsTeratogenicity testingMultiple MyelomaThalidomide is a sedative drug introduced to European markets on 1 October 1957 after extensive testing on rodent embryos to ensure its safety. Early…
ContextTeratogenicity testingAbnormalities, HumanThalidomide--Side effectsThalidomideVitamin A (retinol) is an essential vitamin in the daily functioning of human beings that helps regulate cellular differentiation of epithelial…
RetinoidsVitamin A in the bodyTeratogenicity testingAbnormalities, HumanTeratogenic agents