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In a series of experiments during mid 1930s, a team of researchers in New York helped establish that bacteria of the species Toxoplasma gondii can…
ToxoplasmosisColumbia UniversityCongenital ToxoplasmosisEncephalomyelitisInfectionIn a dispute over frozen embryos during a divorce case, the court decided the wife's fundamental right to not procreate mandated destruction of the…
LawFertilization in VitroReproductionFertilizationbioethicsFrom its founding in 1910 until it closed its doors in 1939, the Eugenics Record Office (ERO) at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory in New York was the…
OrganizationEugenicsOrganizationsReproductionReproductive RightsIntrauterine insemination (IUI), also known as artificial insemination, is one of the earliest and simplest assisted reproductive technologies (ART…
TechnologyArtificial InseminationFertilizationReproductionVitamin A (retinol) is an essential vitamin in the daily functioning of human beings that helps regulate cellular differentiation of epithelial…
RetinoidsVitamin A in the bodyTeratogenicity testingAbnormalities, HumanTeratogenic agentsIn the early 2000s, Richard S. Legro, Mark V. Sauer, Gilbert L. Mottla, Kevin S. Richter, William C. Dodson, and Duanping Liao studied the…
In vitro fertilizationFertilization in VitroIndoor air pollutionPollutionUrban pollutionJohns Hopkins Medical Center, located in Baltimore, Maryland, opened in 1889; its associated medical school opened four years later. Today the…
OrganizationFertilityOrganizationsReproductionmedicineTwin-to-Twin Transfusion Syndrome (TTTS) is a rare placental disease that can occur at any time during pregnancy involving identical twins. TTTS…
Fetofetal TransfusionReproductionFetusCongenital DisordersHuman DevelopmentPrenatal exposure to alcohol (ethanol) results in a continuum of physical, neurological, behavioral, and learning defects collectively grouped under…
fetal alcohol syndromeReproductionHuman DevelopmentThe passage of the Virginia Sterilization Act of 1924 demonstrates how science has been used to drive policy throughout history. In the case of the…
LawEugenicsReproductionpublic health