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Virginia Apgar worked as an obstetrical anesthesiologist, administering drugs that reduce women’s pain during childbirth, in the US in the mid-…
Apgar, Virginia, 1909-1974Apgar ScorePregnancyObstetricsChildbirthIn the 1964 article, “Pelvic Scoring for Elective Induction,” obstetrician Edward Bishop describes his method to determine whether a doctor should…
LiteratureBishop, Edward H.ChildbirthLabor, Induced (Obstetrics)ObstetricsIn 1955, obstetrician Edward Bishop, a physician specializing in childbirth, published the article “Elective Induction of Labor,” in which he…
LiteratureReproductionChildbirthLabor, Induced (Obstetrics)ObstetricsVirginia Apgar and colleagues wrote “Evaluation of the Newborn Infant—Second Report” in 1958. This article explained that Apgar’s system for…
LiteratureApgar ScoreObstetricsChildbirthAnesthesiologyWilliam Smellie helped to incorporate scientific medicine into the process of childbirth in eighteenth century Britain. As a male physician…
MidwivesObstetrical ForcepsChildbirthObstetricsLabor (Obstetrics)Pelvic organ prolapse is a common condition in women that causes the pelvic organs to descend, often resulting from a weakened pelvic floor. Pelvic…
Pelvic PainPelvic FloorPelvisPelvic ExaminationChildbirth