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During the mid-twentieth century, Virginia Apgar worked as an obstetrical anesthesiologist and gave drugs to women that reduced their pain during c
Apgar ScoreNewborn infants--Medical examinationsNewborn infantsObstetricsInfant, NewbornIn April 1994, Elizabeth Raymond, Sven Cnattingius, and John Kiely published “Effects of Maternal Age, Parity, and Smoking on the Risk of Stillbirth…
LiteratureFetal deathStillbirthPregnancyGestational AgeArticles
LiteratureAbortionAbortion, InducedInduced AbortionInformed ConsentRoberto Caldeyro-Barcia studied fetal health in Uruguay during the second half of the twentieth century. Caldeyro-Barcia developed Montevideo units,…
Fetal MonitoringMonitoring, FetalChildbirthDelivery (Obstetrics)Fetal heart rate monitoringJames Marion Sims developed a treatment for vesico-vaginal fistulas in Montgomery, Alabama in the 1840s. Vesico-vaginal fistulas were a relatively…
TechnologySpeculum (Medicine)Fistula, Vesico-vaginalSurgeryGynecologyJames Marion Sims developed a surgical cure for ruptures of the wall separating the bladder from the vagina during labor, ruptures called vesico-…
PeopleSims, J. Marion (James Marion), 1813-1883Speculum (Medicine)Fistula, Vesico-vaginalSurgery