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Robert Geoffrey Edwards, a British developmental biologist at University of Cambridge, began exploring human in vitro fertilization (IVF) as a way to…
Fertilization in VitroExperimentsReproductionFertilizationOocytesIn the nineteenth century, obstetricians in Europe began to construct devices to incubate infants in increasingly controlled environments. The infant…
TechnologyPremature InfantsObstetricsMaternal and infant welfareIncubators (Pediatrics)What Every Mother Should Know was published in 1914 in New York City, New York, as a compilation of newspaper articles written by Margaret Sanger in…
LiteratureObscenity (Law)Abortion--Law and legislation--United StatesAbortionBirth control clinicsIn the late 1990s researchers Yuk Ming Dennis Lo and his colleagues isolated fetal DNA extracted from pregnant woman’s blood. The technique enabled…
AmniocentesisChorionic Villus SamplingFetusObstetricsDNACurt Jacob Stern studied radiation and chromosomes in humans and fruit flies in the United States during the twentieth century. He researched the…
ChromosomesHeredityMitosisDrosophilaDrosophila melanogasterMatthias Jacob Schleiden helped develop the cell theory in Germany during the nineteenth century. Schleiden studied cells as the common element among…
Cell BiologyBotanyEpigenesisEmbryologyBiology, ExperimentalEthical Issues in Human Stem Cell Research: Executive Summary was published in September 1999 by The US National Bioethics Advisory Commission in…
LiteraturebioethicsStem cells--ResearchEmbryonic Stem CellsStem CellsIn 1998, urologists Marc Goldstein, Philip Shihua Li, and Gerald J. Matthews published “Microsurgical Vasovasostomy: The Microdot Technique of…
VasectomyVasectomy ReversalVasovasostomyContraceptionGenital OrgansIn 1999, Joseph Bruner, Susan B. Drummond, Anna L. Meenan, and Ina May Gaskin published, “All-fours Maneuver for Reducing Shoulder Dystocia During…
LiteratureShoulder DystociaMidwiferyBirth InjuriesBirth injuries--ComplicationsWalter Edward Dandy studied abnormalities in the developing human brain in the United States in the twentieth century. He collaborated with…
HydrocephalusBrain--Ventricles--RadiographyVentriculography, CerebralDandy-Walker SyndromeDandy-Walker Malformation